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List of wars involving Poland

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(Redirected from List of Polish uprisings)

This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.

The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Polish victory
  Polish defeat
  Another result
  Internal conflict
  Ongoing conflict

Piast Poland (960–1138)

[edit]

During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
963–

967

Polish-Veletian War Duchy of Poland
Duchy of Bohemia (967)
Veleti
Wolinians (967)
Victory
972 Battle of Cedynia Duchy of Poland Saxon Eastern March Victory
979-980 Otto II's raid on Poland Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Victory
981 Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign[1] Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Defeat
988–

990

Polish-Bohemian War Duchy of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia Victory
1003–

1005

German–Polish War [pl] Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Veleti
Defeat
1007–1013 German–Polish War [pl] Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Victory
1015–1018 German–Polish War [pl] Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Margraviate of Austria
Veleti
Victory
1018 Intervention in the Kievan succession crisis Sviatopolk loyalists
Duchy of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Yaroslav the Wise loyalists Victory
1022 Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Victory
1028–

1031

German–Polish War Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia

Kievan Rus'

Defeat
1069–1071 Expedition to Kiev Kingdom of Poland
Ruthenian rebels
Kievan Rus'
Pechenegs
Varangians
Victory
1076–1077 Bolesław II the Generous's expedition on Kievan Rus'[2][3][4] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Victory
1092 Vasilko Rostislavich's raid on Poland[5] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Defeat
1093–

1100

Civil War in Poland[6] Władysław I Herman

Sieciech

Duchy of Bohemia

Zbigniew of Poland

Bolesław III Wrymouth

Internal conflict
1103–

1108

Civil War in Poland[7]: 248–284 [better source needed] Bolesław III Wrymouth

Kingdom of Hungary

Kievan Rus'

Zbigniew of Poland

Duchy of Bohemia

Internal conflict
1109 Henry V's expedition to Poland Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Victory
1120–1125 Polish–Ruthenian War[8] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Victory
1135 Vladimirko Volodarovich's raid on Poland[9] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Defeat
1136 Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Rus'[11] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Victory

Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)

[edit]

In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1142–1143 Vsevolod II's raid on Poland[12] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Defeat
1154–

1155

Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine[13]: 59–60 [better source needed][failed verification] Polish knights Saracen Victory
1157 Frederick I's expedition to Głogów Kingdom of Poland
Coat of arms Cumania
Old Prussians
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Defeat
1163 Polish raid on Rus'[14] Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Victory
1182–

1183

War for Brest Kingdom of Poland
Ruthenian rebels
Kievan Rus' Victory
1194 Battle of Drohiczyn Kingdom of Poland Yatvingians
Kievan Rus'
Cumanians
Polish rebels
Victory
1199 Leszek the White's expedition to Halych[15] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1205 Battle of Zawichost Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Masovia
House of Welf
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Hohenstaufen
Victory
1206 Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr[16] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1207 Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr[17] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1209–1211 Battle of Lubusz Duchy of Silesia

Duchy of Greater Poland

Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1213–1214 Leszek the White's Galician Campaign [ru][18] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1218 Leszek the White's expedition to Ruthenia[19] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1219–1221 Polish–Hungarian–Ruthenian War[19] Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1224 War between Leszek the White and Mstislav Mstislavich[19] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1225–1229 Second War for Lubusz[20][21] Kingdom of Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1227 Battle of Zvenigorod [ru] Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1229 Daniel expedition to Kalisz[22] Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1234 Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians[23]: 182 [better source needed][failed verification] Local dukes
Teutonic Knights
Old Prussians Victory
1236–1237 Mikhail's Volyn campaign [ru] Principality of Volhynia
Cumans
Duchy of Kraków
Duchy of Masovia
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1238–1240 Battle of Lubusz Duchy of Silesia Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1241 First Mongol Invasion of Poland Local dukes
Military orders
Mongol Empire Defeat
1259–

1260

Second Mongol Invasion of Poland Bolesław V the Chaste Mongol Empire Defeat
1264 Battle of Brańsk Duchy of Sandomierz
Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Yotvingians
Victory
1265–1278 Polish–Brandenburgian War[24][25] Kingdom of Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1269–1272 Civil war in Pomerelia Duchy of Świecie
Duchy of Pomerelia
Duchy of Greater Poland
Duchy of Gdańsk
Duchy of Lubiszewo
Duchy of Inowrocław
State of the Teutonic Order
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Internal conflict
1273–

1274

Civil War in Poland[26]: 226–228 [better source needed][failed verification] Bolesław V the Chaste Vladislaus I of Opole Internal conflict
1277 Silesian Civil War[26]: 243–247 [better source needed][failed verification] Henry V of Legnica

Bolesław II the Horned

Przemysł II

Henry III of Głogów

Internal conflict
1278 Battle of Myślibórz Duchy of Greater Poland
Duchy of Pomerelia
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Victory
1278 Battle on the Marchfeld Czech lands
Kingdom of Poland
Others
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Germany
Others
Defeat
1279 Ruthenian raid on Poland[27] Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1280 Kraków campaign of Leo I of Galicia Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1287–

1288

Third Mongol Invasion of Poland Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Mongol Empire Victory
1288–

1290

War for Lesser Poland[28]: 696 [29]: 536 [better source needed][failed verification] Władysław I the Elbow-high

Casimir II of Łęczyca

Bolesław II of Masovia

Konrad II of Masovia

Henry III of Głogów

Przemko of Ścinawa

Bolko I of Opole

Internal conflict
1308 Siege of Gdańsk [pl] Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Order
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Swienca family
Diocese of Kamien Pomorski
Diocese of Lebus
Victory
1308 Teutonic takeover of Danzig Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Defeat
1311–1312 Mayor Albert's Rebellion Kingdom of Poland Burghers of Kraków Victory

Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320–1385)

[edit]

In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of Władyslaw I Łokietek and his son Casimir III the Great, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of Germans and Jews. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1323 Polish–Hungarian expedition to Ruthenia[30][31] Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Victory
1326 Raid on Brandenburg Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1326–

1332

Polish-Teutonic War Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Hungary

Duchy of Płock

Teutonic Knights

Kingdom of Bohemia

Duchy of Masovia

Indecisive
1340–

1392

Galicia-Volhynia Wars Kingdom of Poland

Duchy of Masovia

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

Victory
1345–

1348

Polish-Czech War Kingdom of Poland

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Bohemia Indecisive
1352–1358 Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation [pl] Kingdom of Poland Maciek Borkowicz's Confederation
Families from Greater Poland and Brandenburg
Victory
1375–

1377

Hungarian-Ottoman War Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

 Ottoman Empire Victory
1381–

1385

Greater Poland Civil War Grzymała Nałęcz Internal conflict

Jagiellon Poland (1385–1569)

[edit]

For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1387 Polish conquest of Moldavia Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Victory
1389–

1392

Lithuanian Civil War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Samogitia
Teutonic Knights
Rus' principalities
Indecisive
1389–1396 Hungarian–Ottoman War Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Others
 Ottoman Empire
Moravian Serbia
Defeat
1409–

1411

Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Teutonic Knights
Czech mercenaries
Silesian mercenaries
Victory
1414 Hunger War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Teutonic Knights Victory
1415–

1419

Hungarian–Ottoman War Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

 Ottoman Empire Indecisive
1419 Retreat Expedition [pl] Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Initial Polish victory

Expedition cancelled afterwards

1422 Golub War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Principality of Moldavia
Teutonic Knights Victory
1425–1427 Uckermark War Pomerania-Stettin
Pomerania-Wolgast
Pomerania-Stolp
Pomerania-Stargard
Mecklenburg-Stargard
Kingdom of Poland
Werle (1425–1426)
Margraviate of Brandenburg Victory
1431–

1435

Polish-Teutonic War Hussites
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Žygimantas Kęstutaitis)
Teutonic Knights
Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Švitrigaila)
Victory
1432–

1438

Lithuanian Civil War Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Roman Catholic)

Kingdom of Poland

Hussites

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Eastern Orthodox)

Teutonic Knights

Livonian Order

Golden Horde

Principality of Moldavia

Victory
1437–

1442

Hungarian–Ottoman War Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Poland

 Ottoman Empire Victory
1443–1444 Crusade of Varna Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Others
 Ottoman Empire Defeat
1454–

1466

Thirteen Years' War Prussian Confederation
Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Knights
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Kingdom of Denmark
Victory
1467–

1479

War of the Priests Kingdom of Poland Nicolaus von Tüngen
Teutonic Knights
Victory
1475 Battle of Vaslui  Moldavia

Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Hungary

 Ottoman Empire Victory
1476–1482 War of the Głogów Succession [pl] Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Bohemia Defeat
1485–

1503

Polish-Ottoman War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 Ottoman Empire
Principality of Moldavia
Crimean Khanate
Defeat
1500–

1503

Second Muscovite-Lithuanian War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Defeat
1502–

1510

Polish-Moldavian War Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia

 Ottoman Empire

Victory
1507–1508 Lithuanian-Muscovite War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Moscow Indecisive
1512–

1522

Muscovite-Lithuanian War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Defeat
1519–

1521

Polish-Teutonic War Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Victory
1521–1526 Hungarian–Ottoman War Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Others
 Ottoman Empire Defeat
1524 Turko–Tatar raid on Poland[32] Kingdom of Poland  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Victory
1530–

1538

Polish-Moldavian War Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Victory
1534–

1537

Lithuanian–Muscovite War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Indecisive
1537 Chicken War Kingdom of Poland Nobility Internal conflict
1561 Battle of Verbia Rebel forces
Kingdom of Poland
Others
Principality of Moldavia
 Ottoman Empire
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Victory
1561–

1570

Russo-Lithuanian War Livonian Confederation
Kingdom of Poland
Denmark–Norway
Swedish Empire
Tsardom of Russia
Kingdom of Livonia
Defeat
1562 Swedish expedition to Livonia Polish–Lithuanian Union Sweden Kingdom of Sweden Defeat
1563–

1568

Polish–Swedish War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Denmark Denmark–Norway
Free City of Lübeck
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Defeat

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

[edit]

The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.

During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1575–1577 Danzig rebellion Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth City of Gdańsk Victory
1577–

1583

Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Principality of Transylvania

Tsardom of Russia Victory
1587–

1588

War of the Polish Succession Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Austria Archduchy of Austria Victory
1591 Kosiński Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1593–1606 Long Turkish War Habsburg monarchy
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Kingdom of Hungary
Others
 Ottoman Empire Indecisive
1594-1596 Nalyvaiko Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1595 Expedition to Moldavia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Moldavia
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Victory
1598–

1599

War against Sigismund Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Defeat
1600–

1611

Polish-Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Disputed
1605 1st Dimitriad False Dmitry I
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia Victory
1606 Moscow uprising [ru] False Dmitry I
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia Defeat
1607 Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia[33] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Moldavian opposition
Principality of Moldavia Victory
1607–1609 2nd Dimitriad False Dmitry II
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia Defeat
1609–

1618

Polish-Muscovite War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

False Dmitry I

Tsardom of Russia

Don Cossacks

Sweden Swedish Empire

Victory
1612 Battle of Cornul lui Sas Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Moldavia
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Defeat
1615–1616 Expedition to Moldavia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Moldavian opposition
Principality of Moldavia
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Defeat
1617–

1618

Polish-Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Defeat
1619 Lisowczyk's intervention in the Thirty Years' War[34][citation needed] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania Victory
1620–

1621

Polish-Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Zaporozhian Cossacks

 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Indecisive
1621–

1625

Polish-Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Defeat
1625 Zhmaylo Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1626–

1629

Polish-Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

 Holy Roman Empire

Sweden Swedish Empire Defeat
1630 Fedorovych Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1632–

1634

Smolensk War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Victory
1633–

1634

Polish-Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia

Budjak Horde

Indecisive
1635 Sulyma Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1637–1638 Pavlyuk Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1638 Ostryanyn Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1648–

1657

Khmelnytsky Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

Zaporozhian Cossacks

Crimean Khanate

Indecisive
1651 Kostka-Napierski uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Peasants Victory
1654–

1667

Russo-Polish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

Tsardom of Russia
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Defeat
1655–

1660

Second Northern War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

Sweden Swedish Empire

Zaporozhian Cossacks

Disputed
1665–1666 Lubomirski's rebellion Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Forces loyal to Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski Defeat
1666–

1671

Polish-Cossack-Tatar War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks

Crimean Khanate

 Ottoman Empire

Victory
1672–

1676

Polish-Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Crimean Khanate

Lipka Tatars

Defeat
1683–

1699

Polish-Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Austria Archduchy of Austria

 Ottoman Empire Victory
1697–1702 Lithuanian Civil War Anti–Sapieha Coalition Saphieha family and allies Victory
1700–

1721

Great Northern War Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–)
Tsardom of Russia
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–)
 Electorate of Saxony (1700–06, 1709–)
Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–)
Cossack Hetmanate (1700–08, 1709–1721)
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia (1715–)
Province of Hanover Electorate of Hanover (1715-)
others
Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–09)
Sweden Swedish Empire
 Ottoman Empire (1710–14)
Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
others
Victory
1702–1704 Paliy Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks Victory
1715–1716 Tarnogród Confederation Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Szlachta part of the Confederation
 Russian Empire
Defeat
1733–

1735

War of the Polish Succession Stanisław Leszczyński
France Kingdom of France
Spain Kingdom of Spain
Duchy of Savoy
Augustus III of Poland
 Habsburg Monarchy
 Russian Empire
 Electorate of Saxony
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Internal conflict
1734 Haidamak Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Russian Empire
Crimean Tatars
Haidamaks Polish–Russian victory
1750 Haidamak Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Russian Empire
Haidamaks Polish–Russian victory
1764 Civil war in the Commonwealth [pl] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetmans
 Russian Empire
Internal conflict
1768–1769 Koliivshchyna Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Russian Empire
Haidamaks Polish–Russian victory
1768–1772 War of the Bar Confederation Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Russian Empire Defeat
1792 Polish-Russian War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Russian Empire
Targowica Confederation
Defeat
1794 Kościuszko Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Russian Empire
 Prussia
Defeat

Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)

[edit]

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1797 Denisko uprising Polish insurgents
 Ottoman Empire
 Great Britain
 France
Austria Austrian Empire Defeat
1798–

1802

War of the Second Coalition

 France

Polish Legions

 Spain

Denmark Denmark–Norway[35]

French client republics:

Second Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire[38]

 Great Britain (until 1801)

 United Kingdom (from 1801)

 Russia (until 1799)

 Ottoman Empire

 Portugal

 Kingdom of Naples

Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John (1798)

Malta (1798–1800)

Kingdom of France French Royalists

Victory
1803–

1806

War of the Third Coalition France French Empire  Holy Roman Empire

 Russian Empire

 United Kingdom

 Kingdom of Naples

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sicily

 Sweden

Kingdom of France French royalists

Victory
1806–

1807

War of the Fourth Coalition France French Empire  Prussia

 Russia

 United Kingdom

Saxony[39]

 Sweden

Sicily

Victory
1808–

1814

Peninsular War France French Empire

Polish Legions

 Spain

 United Kingdom

 Portugal

Defeat
1809 War of the Fifth Coalition France French Empire Austria Austrian Empire

 United Kingdom

 Spain

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily

 Sardinia

Black Brunswickers

Victory
1809 Austro-Polish War Duchy of Warsaw

Kingdom of Saxony

France French Empire

Austria Austrian Empire Victory
1812 French Invasion of Russia France French Empire  Russian Empire Defeat
1812–

1814

War of the Sixth Coalition  First French Empire Original Coalition

 Russian Empire

 Prussia

 Austrian Empire

United Kingdom United Kingdom

 Sweden

 Spain

 Portugal

 Two Sicilies

 Kingdom of Sardinia

After Battle of Leipzig

Defeat

Poland under partitions (1815–1918)

[edit]

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1830–

1831

November Uprising Kingdom of Poland  Russian Empire Defeat
1846 Kraków Uprising Poles [pl] Austria Austrian Empire

 Russian Empire

Defeat
1848 Greater Poland Uprising Poles  Prussia Defeat
1863–

1864

January Uprising Poles  Russian Empire Defeat
1905–

1907

Revolution of 1905 Polish revolutionaries [pl]

Russian revolutionaries

 Russian Empire

Poland Polish conservatives

Defeat
1914–

1918

World War I  German Empire
 Austria-Hungary
Poland Polish Legions
Central Powers
 Russian Empire
 British Empire
France French Third Republic

Allies

Victory[a]

Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)

[edit]

In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1918–

1919

Polish-Ukrainian War  Second Polish Republic
Romania Kingdom of Romania
Ukraine West Ukrainian People's Republic
 Ukrainian People's Republic
Victory
1918–

1919

Soviet westward offensive  Second Polish Republic
 Ukrainian People's Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Victory
1918–

1919

Greater Poland Uprising Second Polish Republic Poles  Weimar Republic Victory
1919 Januszajtis putsch Government–loyal army ND Internal conflict
  • Defeating the putschists
1919 Polish–Czechoslovak War  Second Polish Republic  Czechoslovakia Indecisive
1919 First Silesian Uprising Second Polish Republic Poles  Weimar Republic Defeat
1920 Second Silesian Uprising Second Polish Republic Poles  Weimar Republic Victory
1919–

1921

Silesian Uprisings Second Polish Republic Poles  Weimar Republic Ceasefire
1919–

1921

Polish-Soviet War  Second Polish Republic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
 Ukrainian SSR
 Byelorussian SSR
Polrewkom
Victory
1919–

1920

Polish-Lithuanian War  Second Polish Republic  Lithuania Victory
1923 1923 Kraków riot  Second Polish Republic Polish Socialist Party Internal conflict
  • Government crackdown on striking workers
1926 May Coup Government–loyal army Sanation–loyal army Internal conflict
  • Sanation takeover government
1932 Lesko uprising  Second Polish Republic Peasants Internal conflict
1938 Takeover of Zaolzie  Second Polish Republic  Czechoslovakia Victory

Poland during World War II (1939–1945)

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The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the entirety of Poland was occupied by Germany, which proceeded to advance its racial and genocidal policies across Poland.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1939 World War IISeptember Campaign  Second Polish Republic
 UK

 France

 Nazi Germany

 Soviet Union

Defeat
1939–

1945

World War IIPolish resistance Polish Underground State Polish Underground State  Nazi Germany
Indecisive[b]
1939–

1945

World War IIWestern Front  Polish government-in-exile

Allies:

 Nazi Germany

 Italy

Victory
1943–

1945

World War IIEastern Front Polish People's Republic Polish Republic

 Soviet Union

 Nazi Germany
Victory

Communist Poland (1945–1989)

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The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1939–

1947

Polish–Ukrainian conflict Polish Underground State Polish Underground State
Poland Polish People's Republic

 Soviet Union

Ukrainian Insurgent Army

 Nazi Germany

Victory
1944–1953 Anti-communist resistance in Poland Poland Polish People's Republic Cursed soldiers Internal conflict
1945 Racibórz Conflict Poland Polish People's Republic  Czechoslovakia Indecisive
1968 Invasion of Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact:
 Soviet Union
Poland People's Republic of Poland
Hungary People's Republic of Hungary
Bulgaria People's Republic of Bulgaria
 East Germany
 Czechoslovakia Victory

Third Polish Republic (1989–present)

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At the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.

Date Conflict Belligerents 1 Belligerents 2 Leaders Events Result
1990–

1991

Gulf War Coalition of the Gulf War:
Poland Poland
United States United States of America
France France
Iraq Iraq Victory
1994–1995 Operation Uphold Democracy United States United States of America
Haitian Opposition
Poland Poland
 Argentina
 CARICOM
 Haiti Victory
2001–2021 War on Terror (Main phase)  United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Poland
others
 al-Qaeda
Taliban
others
Victory
2003 2003 invasion of Iraq  United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Poland
others
Iraq Iraq Victory
2007 War in Afghanistan (Polish intervention)  Poland
 Afghan National Army
Taliban Victory
2007 Iraq War (Polish intervention)  United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Poland
Iraq Iraqi Security Forces
Mahdi Army Indecisive
2013–2014 Operation Serval France France
Mali Mali
 Poland
Others
Islamic militants Victory

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Defeat of Central Powers and Russia, but fulfilling the goal of Polish national liberation movements
  2. ^ Success of the Zamość Uprising, partial success of Akcja "Burza"

References

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  1. ^ В. Д. Королюк. К вопросу об отношениях Руси и Польши в X веке. АН СССР, Институт славяноведения. Краткие сообщения. № 9. М., 1952. С. 47. Дата обращения: 9 марта 2019. Архивировано 28 января 2021 года.
  2. ^ a b "Jak król Bolesław niewierne żony ukarał". CiekawostkiHistoryczne.pl (in Polish). 2020-05-25.
  3. ^ a b po/PAP (2011-12-24). "Trochę historii: 935 lat temu Bolesław Szczodry został królem Polski". Newsweek (in Polish).
  4. ^ "Bolesław Śmiały i Stanisław ze Szczepanowa. Krwawa rozprawa króla z biskupem zdrajcą | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 2021-03-04.
  5. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 44.
  6. ^ Nadgoplańskie Towarzystwo Historyczne (2016). Bitwa nad Gopłem 1096 r. - przyczyny i skutki walki.
  7. ^ Długosz, Jan. Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 3&4 (PDF) (in Polish).
  8. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 151-152.
  9. ^ a b Pashuto 1968, p. 151.
  10. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 152.
  11. ^ Karamzin, Nikolay (1824). "IX". История Государства Российского [History of the Russian state] (in Russian). Vol. II.
  12. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 153.
  13. ^ Długosz, Jan. Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 5&6 (PDF) (in Polish).
  14. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 159.
  15. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 15-16.
  16. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 87.
  17. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 39.
  18. ^ Włodarski 1927, p. 50.
  19. ^ a b c Włodarski 1927, p. 88.
  20. ^ "Henryk I Brodaty". zamki.name.
  21. ^ "Walka o tron krakowski po śmierci Leszka Białego w 1227 r." historia.interia.pl (in Polish).
  22. ^ Pashuto 1968, p. 252.
  23. ^ Kazimierz Lepszy, Słownik biograficzny historii powszechnej do XVII stulecia. Wiedza Powszechna Warszawa 1968
  24. ^ Boras, Zygmunt (1983). Książęta Piastowscy Wielkopolski (Poznańskie ed.). pp. 153–154.
  25. ^ Świeżawski, Aleksander (2006). Przemysł – król Polski (DiG ed.). pp. 48, 100.
  26. ^ a b Długosz, Jan. Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 7&8 (PDF) (in Polish).
  27. ^ Kotlâr, Mikola Fedorovič (2003). Diplomatiâ ûžnoj Rusi. Slavânskaâ biblioteka. Sankt-Peterburg: Aletejâ. p. 322. ISBN 978-5-89329-593-1.
  28. ^ Rocznik Krzeszowski Większy, w: MPH, t. II
  29. ^ Kronika książąt polskich,w: MPH, t.II
  30. ^ Nowak, A. (2010). Historia Polski. Kalendarium dziejów: Pradzieje-1655. p. 183.
  31. ^ Leszczyńscy, A.; Leszczyńscy, M. Najważniejsze wydarzenia w historii Polski i świata.
  32. ^ Gieysztor, Aleksander; Kieniewicz, Stefan; Rostwokowski, Emanuel; Tazbir, Janusz; Wereszycki, Henryk (1979). History of Poland. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers. p. 149.
  33. ^ Besala, Jerzy. Wielkie zwycięstwa Rzeczypospolitej. p. 28.
  34. ^ Bánlaky, József. Az 1619. évi hadjárat. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme (in Hungarian).
  35. ^ Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
  36. ^ Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
  37. ^ Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
  38. ^ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
  39. ^ a b Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.

Further reading

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  • Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
  • Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
  • Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
  • Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
  • Reuter, Timothy (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c.900–c.1024. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 891. ISBN 9780521364478. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  • Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
  • Winged Hussars, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.
  • Włodarski, Bronisław (1927), Polityka ruska Leszka białego, vol. III
  • Pashuto, Vladimir (1968), Внешняя политика Руси [The foreign policy of Russia] (in Russian), Moscow: Наука

Further reading

[edit]

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