1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 293 seats in the United States House of Representatives 147 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Independent gain Independent hold Greenback gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 3, 1878, and September 3, 1879.[d] Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 46th United States Congress convened on March 18, 1879. Elections were held for all 293 seats, representing 38 states. This was the last election cycle that at least one state held its regular congressional election in an oddnumbered year.
These elections occurred in the middle of President Rutherford B. Hayes's term. With a sour economy as the nation's pressing issue, both major parties lost seats to the new Greenback Party, which was established to promote the long-term use of paper money as a solution to stop enormous economic fluctuations. The Democratic Party remained the largest party, but lost its majority. However, it allied with several independent politicians and was able to remain in power. This was the fourth and last recorded House election where both major parties lost seats at the same time.
Election summaries
[edit]141 | 7 | 13 | 132 |
Democratic | [e] | [f] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Ind. Democratic | Greenback | Republican | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Arkansas | District | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
California | District | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | ||
Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Connecticut | District | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | ||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Florida | District | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Georgia | District | 9 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Illinois | District | 19 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | |
Indiana | District | 13 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | |
Iowa | District | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | ||
Kansas | District | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||||
Kentucky | District | 10 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Maine | District | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
Maryland | District | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | ||
Michigan | District | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | ||
Minnesota | District | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | ||
Mississippi | District | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Missouri | District | 13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Nebraska | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
New Hampshire | District | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | ||
New Jersey | District | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||
New York | District | 33 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 7 | |
North Carolina | District | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Ohio | District | 20 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | ||
Oregon | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Pennsylvania | District | 27 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 17 | ||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||||
South Carolina | District | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Texas | District | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vermont | District | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
Virginia | District | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
West Virginia | District | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Wisconsin | District | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | ||||
Total | 293 | 141[1] 48.1% |
14 | 7[1] 2.4% |
5 | 13[1] 4.4% |
13 | 132[1] 45.1% |
5 |
Election dates
[edit]In most states, the elections were held November 5, 1878.
In 1845, Congress set a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors.[2] This Act of Congress did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of state governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In this cycle, there were still 7 states with earlier election dates, and 1 with a later election date:
- Early elections
- Standard election date
- November 5, 1878
- Late election
- September 3, 1879: California
California's elections were the last time a state held congressional general elections after November.
Special elections
[edit]Elections are listed by date and district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 5 | John E. Leonard | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent died March 15, 1878. New member elected November 5, 1878. Democratic gain. |
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Nebraska at-large | Frank Welch | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent died September 4, 1878. New member elected November 5, 1878. Republican hold. |
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New York 16 | Terence J. Quinn | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent died June 18, 1878. New member elected November 5, 1878. Republican gain. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
|
Virginia 1 | Beverly B. Douglas | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent died December 22, 1878. New member elected January 23, 1879. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 1 | Julian Hartridge | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent died January 8, 1879. New member elected and seated February 10, 1879. Democratic hold. |
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Texas 6 | Gustav Schleicher | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent died January 10, 1879. New member elected and seated April 15, 1879. Democratic hold. |
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Iowa 5 | Rush Clark | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent died April 29, 1879. New member elected October 14, 1879. Republican hold. |
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New York 12 | Alexander Smith | Republican | 1878 | Member-elect died November 5, 1878. New member elected November 4, 1879. Democratic gain. |
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Alabama
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | James T. Jones | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Alabama 2 | Hilary A. Herbert | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 3 | Jeremiah N. Williams | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama 4 | Charles M. Shelley | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 5 | Robert F. Ligon | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama 6 | Goldsmith W. Hewitt | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama 7 | William H. Forney | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 8 | William W. Garth | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Arkansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Lucien C. Gause | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Arkansas 2 | William F. Slemons | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Arkansas 3 | Jordan E. Cravens | Independent Democratic |
1876 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. Democratic gain. |
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Arkansas 4 | Thomas M. Gunter | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Horace Davis | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 2 | Horace F. Page | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 3 | John K. Luttrell | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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California 4 | Romualdo Pacheco | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Colorado
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Colorado at-large | None | New state. Republican gain. |
|
Patterson successfully contested the election and was seated March 4, 1877.
Connecticut
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[4] | |
Connecticut 1 | George M. Landers | Democratic | 1875 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Connecticut 2 | James Phelps | Democratic | 1875 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 3 | John T. Wait | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 4 | Levi Warner | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Delaware
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | James Williams | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Florida
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | Horatio Bisbee Jr. | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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In the 2nd district the difference between the two candidates, in the initial returns, was just 22 votes. Bisbee challenged Hull's election, and was eventually awarded the seat on January 22, 1881.
Georgia
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | Julian Hartridge | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 2 | William E. Smith | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 3 | Philip Cook | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 4 | Henry R. Harris | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic gain. |
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Georgia 5 | Milton A. Candler | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 6 | James H. Blount | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 7 | William H. Felton | Independent Democratic |
1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 8 | Alexander H. Stephens | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 9 | Hiram P. Bell | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination. Independent Democratic gain. |
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Illinois
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | William Aldrich | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 2 | Carter Harrison Sr. | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired to run for Mayor of Chicago. Republican gain. |
|
Illinois 3 | Lorenzo Brentano | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 4 | William Lathrop | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 5 | Horatio C. Burchard | Republican | 1869 (special) | Incumbent lost re-nomination. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 6 | Thomas J. Henderson | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 7 | Philip C. Hayes | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 8 | Greenbury L. Fort | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 9 | Thomas A. Boyd | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 10 | Benjamin F. Marsh | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 11 | Robert M. Knapp | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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Illinois 12 | William M. Springer | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 13 | Thomas F. Tipton | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Illinois 14 | Joseph G. Cannon | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 15 | John R. Eden | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent lost renomination Greenback gain. |
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Illinois 16 | William A. J. Sparks | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 17 | William R. Morrison | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 18 | William Hartzell | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 19 | Richard W. Townshend | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | Benoni S. Fuller | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Indiana 2 | Thomas R. Cobb | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 3 | George A. Bicknell | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 4 | Leonidas Sexton | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 5 | Thomas M. Browne | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 6 | Milton S. Robinson | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 7 | John Hanna | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Indiana 8 | Morton C. Hunter | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 9 | Michael D. White | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Indiana 10 | William H. Calkins | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 11 | James L. Evans | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Indiana 12 | Andrew H. Hamilton | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 13 | John Baker | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | Joseph C. Stone | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination Republican hold. |
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Iowa 2 | Hiram Price | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa 3 | Theodore W. Burdick | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Iowa 4 | Nathaniel C. Deering | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa 5 | Rush Clark | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa 6 | Ezekiel S. Sampson | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Iowa 7 | Henry J. B. Cummings | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Iowa 8 | William F. Sapp | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa 9 | S. Addison Oliver | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Kansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 1 | William A. Phillips | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent lost renomination Republican hold. |
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Kansas 2 | Dudley C. Haskell | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 3 | Thomas Ryan | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Andrew Boone | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Kentucky 2 | James A. McKenzie | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 3 | John W. Caldwell | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 4 | J. Proctor Knott | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 5 | Albert S. Willis | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 6 | John G. Carlisle | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 7 | J. C. S. Blackburn | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 8 | Milton J. Durham | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky 9 | Thomas Turner | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 10 | John B. Clarke | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Louisiana
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | Randall L. Gibson | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 2 | E. John Ellis | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 3 | Joseph H. Acklen | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 4 | Joseph B. Elam | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 5 | J. Smith Young | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Louisiana 6 | Edward W. Robertson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 2 | William P. Frye | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 3 | Stephen Lindsey | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 4 | Llewellyn Powers | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Maine 5 | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Maryland
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | Daniel M. Henry | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | Charles B. Roberts | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Maryland 3 | William Kimmel | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | Thomas Swann | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Maryland 5 | Eli J. Henkle | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 6 | William Walsh | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | William W. Crapo | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Benjamin W. Harris | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Benjamin Dean | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Leopold Morse | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | Nathaniel P. Banks | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 6 | George B. Loring | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Benjamin Butler | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired to run for governor. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 8 | William Claflin | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | William W. Rice | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Amasa Norcross | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 11 | George D. Robinson | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Alpheus S. Williams | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Michigan 2 | Edwin Willits | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 3 | Jonas H. McGowan | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 4 | Edwin W. Keightley | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Michigan 5 | John W. Stone | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 6 | Mark S. Brewer | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 7 | Omar D. Conger | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 8 | Charles C. Ellsworth | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Michigan 9 | Jay A. Hubbell | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Minnesota
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota 1 | Mark H. Dunnell | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 2 | Horace B. Strait | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Minnesota 3 | Jacob H. Stewart | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Mississippi
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Henry L. Muldrow | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | Van. H. Manning | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 5 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 6 | James R. Chalmers | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Missouri
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | Anthony F. Ittner | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 2 | Nathan Cole | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 3 | Lyne Metcalfe | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 4 | Robert A. Hatcher | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri 5 | Richard P. Bland | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 6 | Charles H. Morgan | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri 7 | Thomas T. Crittenden | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri 8 | Benjamin J. Franklin | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 9 | David Rea | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
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Missouri 10 | Henry M. Pollard | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 11 | John B. Clark Jr. | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 12 | John M. Glover | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri 13 | Aylett H. Buckner | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Nebraska
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska at-large | Vacant due to Welch's death | Incumbent died September 4, 1878. Republican hold.[j] |
|
Nevada
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large | Thomas Wren | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New Hampshire
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | Frank Jones | Democratic | 1875 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New Hampshire 2 | James F. Briggs | Republican | 1877 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire 3 | Henry W. Blair | Republican | 1877 | Incumbent elected to the U.S. Senate. Republican hold. |
|
New Jersey
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | Clement H. Sinnickson | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New Jersey 2 | John H. Pugh | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New Jersey 3 | Miles Ross | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 4 | Alvah A. Clark | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 5 | Augustus W. Cutler | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New Jersey 6 | Thomas B. Peddie | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New Jersey 7 | Augustus A. Hardenbergh | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | James W. Covert | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 2 | William D. Veeder | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
New York 3 | Simeon B. Chittenden | Republican | 1874 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 4 | Archibald M. Bliss | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 5 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New York 6 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1873 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 7 | Anthony Eickhoff | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New York 8 | Anson G. McCook | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 9 | Fernando Wood | Democratic | 1866 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 10 | Abram Hewitt | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
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New York 11 | Benjamin A. Willis | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New York 12 | Clarkson Nott Potter | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 13 | John H. Ketcham | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New York 14 | George M. Beebe | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New York 15 | Stephen L. Mayham | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 16 | Terence J. Quinn | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent Terence J. Quinn died June 18, 1878. Republican gain. Successor also elected the same day to finish the term. |
|
New York 17 | Martin I. Townsend | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 18 | Andrew Williams | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 19 | Amaziah B. James | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 20 | John H. Starin | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | Solomon Bundy | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 22 | George A. Bagley | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 23 | William J. Bacon | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 24 | William H. Baker | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 25 | Frank Hiscock | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 26 | John H. Camp | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 27 | Elbridge G. Lapham | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 28 | Jeremiah W. Dwight | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 29 | John N. Hungerford | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 30 | Elizur K. Hart | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 31 | Charles B. Benedict | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 32 | Daniel N. Lockwood | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New York 33 | George W. Patterson | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
North Carolina
[edit]Pennsylvania
[edit]South Carolina
[edit]South Carolina was rampant with voter fraud, particularly through the use of tissue ballots, thin ballots hidden in the normal ballot, typically 10 to 20 at a time. The almost statewide exclusion of Republicans as Commissioners of Elections, and the ensuing appointment of nearly all Democratic Managers of Elections, allowed to Democratic Managers to perpetrate this scheme. When the votes were counted and more votes than voters were found, the Managers removed and destroyed the Republican ballots resulting in the complete takeover of the state.[6][7][8]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | Joseph Rainey | Republican | 1870 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
South Carolina 2 | Richard H. Cain | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
South Carolina 3 | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 4 | John H. Evins | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | Robert Smalls | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | James H. Randolph | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Jacob M. Thornburgh | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Tennessee 3 | George G. Dibrell | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Haywood Y. Riddle | Democratic | 1875 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 5 | John M. Bright | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | John F. House | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | John D. C. Atkins | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | William P. Caldwell | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 10 | H. Casey Young | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2020) |
Vermont
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[19] | |
Vermont 1 | Charles H. Joyce | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | Dudley C. Denison | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Vermont 3 | George Hendee | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent lost re-election. Greenback gain. |
First ballot
|
Virginia
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[20] | |
Virginia 1 | Richard L. T. Beale | Democratic | 1847 1849 (retired) 1878 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 2 | John Goode | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 3 | Gilbert C. Walker | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia 4 | Joseph Jorgensen | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 5 | George Cabell | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 6 | J. Randolph Tucker | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 7 | John T. Harris | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 9 | Auburn Pridemore | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
West Virginia
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Benjamin Wilson | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | Benjamin F. Martin | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | John E. Kenna | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin
[edit]Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1878.[24][25]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Charles G. Williams | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Lucien B. Caswell | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | George C. Hazelton | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 4 | William Pitt Lynde | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Edward S. Bragg | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 6 | Gabriel Bouck | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 7 | Herman L. Humphrey | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 8 | Thaddeus C. Pound | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
Dakota Territory at-large | Jefferson P. Kidder | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Republican gain. |
|
Idaho Territory at-large | Stephen S. Fenn | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Montana Territory at-large | Martin Maginnis | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Utah Territory at-large | |||||
Washington Territory at-large | |||||
Wyoming Territory at-large | William W. Corlett | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Dubin (p. 249) counts 140 Democrats, 6 Independent Democrats, 130 Republicans (incl. 1 Independent Republican), and 11 Greenbacks at the start of the 46th United States Congress.
- ^ Included 2 Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes 7 Independent Democrats.
- ^ In 1879, California held its last regular congressional election in an odd-numbered year.
- ^ There were 7 Independent Democrats
- ^ There were 13 Greenbacks
- ^ a b c d also endorsed by the Democrats
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Also endorsed by the Greenbacks
- ^ a b c Also endorsed by the Republicans
- ^ Thomas Jefferson Majors, who was elected to complete Frank Welch's term in the 45th Congress, was elected as "member-contingent". He believed that Nebraska was entitled to a second congressional seat, and so was elected to fill that seat if Congress had approved it.[5]
- ^ a b Also endorsed by the "Anti-Tammany" Democrats
- ^ For the purposes of simplicity he is listed as having been elected an Independent Democrat.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Martis, pp. 132–133
- ^ 5 Stat. 721
- ^ "The Beatrice Democrat is reminded". The Tecumseh Chieftain. August 23, 1890. p. 4. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
Thos. J. Majors, has for his opponent Dr. Alex Bear. These two gentlemen were pitted against each other some years ago, as candidates for congress of their respective parties, to fill out the unexpired term of Frank Welch.
- ^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
- ^ United States Congressional Serial Set: Volume 2159. Page 543.
- ^ "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. November 16, 1878.
- ^ "NY Times Free Archive" (PDF). The New York Times. February 5, 1879.
- ^ William Ralston Balch (1881). The Life of James Abram Garfield.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Warner, Hans B., ed. (1880). "Biographical Sketches" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 491–494. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)