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Dorise Nielsen

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Dorise W. Nielsen
Dorise Nielsen, 1942
Member of the Canadian Parliament
for North Battleford
In office
26 March 1940 – 10 June 1945
Preceded byCameron Ross McIntosh
Succeeded byFrederick Townley-Smith
Personal details
Born
Doris Webber

30 July 1902
London, England
DiedDecember 9, 1980(1980-12-09) (aged 78)
Beijing, China
Political partyCommunist Party of Canada
Labor-Progressive (1943–1959)
United Progressive (1940–1943)
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (1934-1943)
SpousePeter Nielsen (sep. 1940, died 1956)
Children4 (1 died in infancy)[1]
OccupationTeacher

Dorise Winifred Nielsen (30 July 1902 – 9 December 1980) was a Canadian Chinese communist politician, feminist and teacher. She was the first member of the Communist Party of Canada to be elected to the House of Commons of Canada.

Biography

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Before politics

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Born in London, England, Doris Webber arrived in Canada and settled in Saskatchewan in 1927 to work as a teacher and married Peter Nielsen, a homesteader, the same year. Adding an 'e' to her given name on her marriage certificate, she became Dorise Nielsen.[2]

Political career

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She joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in 1934 and was a CCF campaign manager during the 1938 provincial election. By 1937, she joined the Communist Party of Canada but did not disclose her membership until 1943 remaining a member of the CCF until her riding association was dissolved because of its support of a popular front campaign with the Communists.[3]

She was the first member of the Communist Party of Canada to be elected to the House of Commons of Canada,[3] serving during World War II. She was the third woman elected to Canadian Parliament and the first to still be raising young children while holding political office. She won a seat in the 1940 federal election representing the Saskatchewan riding of North Battleford on the "United Progressives" label, beating the Liberal candidate in a two-way race.[4] Canada banned the Communist Party in June 1940 due to the party's opposition to the war.[5] Nielsen, through indirect contact with Montreal-based Communist leaders who had escaped imprisonment, became a spokeswoman for the Communist Party through speeches made in the House of Commons.[3][6]

When the Labor-Progressive Party was officially formed in 1943 as a legal front for the still banned Communist Party, Nielsen declared her affiliation with the party and was elected to its national executive committee.[7] She ran for re-election in the 1945 election for the Labor-Progressive Party (the name the Communist Party would use until 1959), but came in third behind the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and Liberal candidates with 13% of the vote.[8]

After her defeat, she and her children moved to Toronto where she worked as an organizer for the Labor-Progressive Party and wrote a weekly column for its newspaper, Canadian Tribune, called "Women's Place is Everywhere".[9] At times she used the column to promote feminist views; for example, as related by her biographer, Faith Johnston, in 1949 she "explained that only when a socialist economy lifted the burdens of child care and housework from the shoulders of individual women would they be able to compete with men on an equal footing. 'It is being tied to all the multitudinous tasks of home and family that robs women of the opportunity to compete with men, not her inferiority."[9] She helped found the Congress of Canadian Women and attended the Women's International Democratic Federation Peace Congress in Budapest in 1948[10] and helped found the Canadian Peace Congress the next year.[11]

In 1949, she became executive secretary of the Canadian-Soviet Friendship Association and organized national tours and local chapters, distributed films and books, and did most of the organizational work for the association. Frustrated by having to play second fiddle to CSFA president Dyson Carter and being paid a lower salary than him, she resigned in the summer of 1953. [12]

She ran again for the LPP in the 1953 election, this time in Brantford, Ontario, but came in last place with 216 votes.[13]

After politics

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Finding it difficult to find work outside of the party due to her age and possibly blacklisted due to her Communist allegiance, she found a job in the mid-1950s working in the office of the United Electrical Workers but found it dull, and left Canada in 1955 for London, England with her partner, Constant Godefroy (she had been estranged from husband Pete Nielsen since 1940). They returned to Canada in 1956, and Nielsen found a job clipping articles for Maclean-Hunter Publishing.[14]

In 1957, Nielsen and Godefroy received permission to go to the People's Republic of China, where she lived for the final 23 years of her life until her death in 1980. She spent most of those years working as an English teacher and as an editor for the Foreign Languages Press in Beijing.[15]

She became a Chinese citizen in 1962.[16]

Family

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A woman poses with three smiling children.
Nielsen with her children Christine, John and Sally (1940)

Dorise and Peter Nielsen had four children, one of whom died in infancy.[1] Their youngest daughter was Thelma Nielsen, known as Sally (born 1931), who in 1980 married Dyson Carter, Dorise Nielsen's former superior at the Canadian-Soviet Friendship Association.[16][17]

Election results

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1953 Canadian federal election: Brantford
Party Candidate Votes
Liberal James Elisha Brown 9,576
Progressive Conservative John Tozeland Shillington 7,912
Co-operative Commonwealth John Houison Gillies 3,839
Labor–Progressive Dorise Winifred Nielsen 216
1945 Canadian federal election: North Battleford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Co-operative Commonwealth Frederick W. Townley-Smith 5,049 31.55
Liberal John Hornby Harrison 4,420 27.62 –15.22
Labor–Progressive Dorise W. Nielsen 2,124 13.27 –43.89
Progressive Conservative Albert C. Cadieu 2,039 12.74
Social Credit John William Evanishen 1,525 9.53
Independent Liberal Cameron Ross McIntosh 847 5.29 –37.55
Total valid votes 16,004 100.0  
Co-operative Commonwealth gain from Unity Swing +23.38
1940 Canadian federal election: North Battleford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unity Dorise W. Nielsen 10,500 57.16
Liberal Cameron Ross McIntosh 7,868 42.84 –2.23
Total valid votes 18,368 100.0  
Unity gain from Liberal Swing +29.70

Archives

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There is a Dorise Nielsen fonds at Library and Archives Canada.[18] Archival reference number is R4012.

References

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  • Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  1. ^ a b Scully, Eileen. "Scully on Johnston, 'A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen'". H-Net. History Department, Michigan State University. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  2. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  3. ^ a b c "Next Year Country: Dorise Nielson: Saskatchewan's Communist MP". 3 May 2010.
  4. ^ "History of Federal Ridings since 1867". Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.
  5. ^ Francis et al. Destinies: Canadian History Since Confederation, 5th Ed. Thomson/Nelson Canada Ltd., 2004. pg 287.
  6. ^ "The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  7. ^ "Review of Johnston, Faith, A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen". October 2007.
  8. ^ "History of Federal Ridings since 1867". Archived from the original on 9 August 2014.
  9. ^ a b Johnston, Faith (2006). A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen. Winnipeg, Manitoba: University of Manitoba Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  10. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  11. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  12. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. pp. 226–231. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  13. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  14. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. pp. 232–235. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  15. ^ Faith Johnston (2006). A great restlessness. Univ of Manitoba Press. pp. 237–306. ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6.
  16. ^ a b "Thelma Nielsen Carter / MG 32, G 10 / Finding Aid No. 1321" (PDF).
  17. ^ Anderson, Jennifer (2007). "The Pro-Soviet Message in Words and Images: Dyson Carter and Canadian "Friends" of the USSR". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association. 18 (1): 185. doi:10.7202/018259ar. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  18. ^ "Dorise Winnifred Nielsen fonds, Library and Archives Canada". 20 July 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
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