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1997 in science

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List of years in science (table)
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The year 1997 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

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Aviation

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Biology

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  • February 22 – In Roslin, Scotland, scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly has been successfully cloned and was born in July 1996.[1]
  • March 4 – United States President Bill Clinton bars federal funding for any research on human cloning.
  • March 14 – The widely cited 1973 John/Joan study of gender reassignment of a twin boy who lost his penis to a botched circumcision is exposed as fraudulent. The supposedly successful outcome for "Joan" reported by John Money had been cited as proof that gender was determined by nurture, yet the patient (later revealed as David Reimer) was in fact deeply unhappy and had returned to his original gender by the age of 15, thus indicating the exact opposite thesis.[2]
  • April 25 – Scientists announce that human artificial chromosomes have been created.[3]
  • July 10 – In London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
  • August – Suzanne Simard and colleagues publish their discovery of carbon transfer between trees.[4]
  • November 6 – The discovery of klotho, a gene involved in human aging, is reported.[5][6]
  • November 19 – In Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to septuplets in the second known case where all seven babies are born alive, and the first in which all survive infancy.

Computer science

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Earth sciences

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Mathematics

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Paleontology

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Physics

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Physiology and medicine

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Technology

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  • October 15 – The first supersonic land speed record is set by the ThrustSSC team from the United Kingdom.

Events

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Awards

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ "1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned". BBC News. 22 February 1997. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  2. ^ Angier, Natalie (14 March 1997). "Sexual Identity Not Pliable After All, Report Says". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Harrington, J. J.; et al. (1997). "Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes". Nature Genetics. 15 (4): 345–55. doi:10.1038/ng0497-345. PMID 9090378. S2CID 9150827.
  4. ^ Simard, Suzanne W.; et al. (1997). "Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field". Nature. 388 (6642): 579–582. doi:10.1038/41557. S2CID 4423207.
  5. ^ "Gladstone Institutes".
  6. ^ Kuro-o, Makoto; Matsumura, Yutaka; Aizawa, Hiroki; Kawaguchi, Hiroshi; Suga, Tatsuo; Utsugi, Toshihiro; Ohyama, Yoshio; Kurabayashi, Masahiko; Kaname, Tadashi; Kume, Eisuke; Iwasaki, Hitoshi; Iida, Akihiro; Shiraki-Iida, Takako; Nishikawa, Satoshi; Nagai, Ryozo; Nabeshima, Yo-Ichi (1997). "Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing". Nature. 390 (6655): 45–51. Bibcode:1997Natur.390...45K. doi:10.1038/36285. PMID 9363890. S2CID 4428141.
  7. ^ Hales, Thomas C. (1997). "The fundamental lemma for Sp(4)". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. 125 (1): 301–308. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-97-03546-6. ISSN 0002-9939. MR 1346977.
  8. ^ Maldacena, Juan (1998). "The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity". Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 2 (2): 231–252. arXiv:hep-th/9711200. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. doi:10.4310/ATMP.1998.v2.n2.a1.
  9. ^ Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future". Nature Medicine. 9 (3): 269–277. doi:10.1038/nm0303-269. PMID 12612576. S2CID 9745527.
  10. ^ "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020". Nobel Foundation. 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  11. ^ "E.M. Purcell | American physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2021.