Pincherle derivative
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In mathematics, the Pincherle derivative[1] of a linear operator on the vector space of polynomials in the variable x over a field is the commutator of with the multiplication by x in the algebra of endomorphisms Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikipedia.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \operatorname{End}(\mathbb{K}[x])} . That is, is another linear operator
(for the origin of the notation, see the article on the adjoint representation) so that
This concept is named after the Italian mathematician Salvatore Pincherle (1853–1936).
Properties
[edit]The Pincherle derivative, like any commutator, is a derivation, meaning it satisfies the sum and products rules: given two linear operators and belonging to
- ;
- where is the composition of operators.
One also has where is the usual Lie bracket, which follows from the Jacobi identity.
The usual derivative, D = d/dx, is an operator on polynomials. By straightforward computation, its Pincherle derivative is
This formula generalizes to
by induction. This proves that the Pincherle derivative of a differential operator
is also a differential operator, so that the Pincherle derivative is a derivation of .
When has characteristic zero, the shift operator
can be written as
by the Taylor formula. Its Pincherle derivative is then
In other words, the shift operators are eigenvectors of the Pincherle derivative, whose spectrum is the whole space of scalars .
If T is shift-equivariant, that is, if T commutes with Sh or , then we also have , so that is also shift-equivariant and for the same shift .
The "discrete-time delta operator"
is the operator
whose Pincherle derivative is the shift operator .
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Rota, Gian-Carlo; Mullin, Ronald (1970). Graph Theory and Its Applications. Academic Press. pp. 192. ISBN 0123268508.
External links
[edit]- Weisstein, Eric W. "Pincherle Derivative". From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
- Biography of Salvatore Pincherle at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.