João Gilberto
João Gilberto | |
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![]() Gilberto in 2006 | |
Born | João Gilberto do Prado Pereira de Oliveira 10 June 1931 |
Died | 6 July 2019 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | (aged 88)
Spouse | |
Partner(s) | Miúcha (1965–1971) Maria do Céu Harris (1984–2003; 2005–2019) Claudia Faissol (2003–2005) |
Children | 3, including Bebel |
Musical career | |
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Occupations |
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Instruments |
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Years active | 1949–2008 |
Labels | |
Formerly of |
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João Gilberto (born João Gilberto do Prado Pereira de Oliveira – Portuguese: [ʒuˈɐ̃w ʒiwˈbɛʁtu]; 10 June 1931 – 6 July 2019) was a Brazilian guitarist, singer, and composer who was a pioneer of the musical genre of bossa nova in the late 1950s. Around the world, he was often called the "father of bossa nova";[1][2][3] in his native Brazil, he was referred to as "O Mito" ("The Legend").[4] In 1965, the album Getz/Gilberto was the first jazz record to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. It also won Best Jazz Instrumental Album – Individual or Group and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. Nominated at the Grammy 1978 in the category Best Jazz Vocal Performance, album Amoroso, and winner category in Grammy 2001 with João voz e violão Best World Music Album.
Early life
[edit]João Gilberto was born in Juazeiro, Bahia, the son of Joviniano Domingos de Oliveira, a wealthy merchant, and Martinha do Prado Pereira de Oliveira. He lived in his native city until 1942, when he began to study in Aracaju, Sergipe, returning to Juazeiro in 1946. At the age of 14, Gilberto got his first guitar from his grandfather despite disapproval from Gilberto's father.[4] Still in Juazeiro, he formed his first band, called "Enamorados do Ritmo". Gilberto moved to Salvador, Bahia, in 1947. During his three years in the city, he dropped out of his studies to dedicate himself exclusively to music and at the age of 18 began his artistic career as a crooner at the Rádio Sociedade da Bahia.[5]
Career
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto_e_Stan_Getz_em_Nova_York_%281972%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto_e_Stan_Getz_em_Nova_York_%281972%29.tif.jpg)
Gilberto's first recordings were released in Brazil as two-song, 78-rpm singles between 1951 and 1959. In the 1960s Brazilian singles evolved to the "double compact" format, and Gilberto released some EPs in this new format, which carried four songs on a 45-rpm record. In 1956, he returned to Rio and struck up old acquaintances, most significantly with Antônio Carlos Jobim, who was by then working as a composer, producer and arranger with Odeon Records. Jobim was impressed with Gilberto's new style of guitar playing and set about finding a suitable song to pitch the style to Odeon management.[6]
In 1963, Gilberto collaborated with American jazz musician Stan Getz on the album Getz/Gilberto which was released the following year. Jobim played the piano for the album while Gilberto's then-wife Astrud performed the vocals in English while he sang in Portuguese. Although Astrud Gilberto was only in the recording studio to be with her husband, João Gilberto requested her to sing on several of the tracks as he could not sing in English. This resulted in a duet between the two on the track "The Girl from Ipanema" which became a major hit from the album.[7] At the 7th Annual Grammy Awards, Getz/Gilberto won three awards including Album of the Year, which marked the first time a jazz album received the accolade.[8]
Gilberto was known for his demanding acoustic and noise-control standards. During a recording session of the song "Rosa Morena", he insisted on 28 takes to get the pronunciation of the o in "Rosa" just right.[9] Nonetheless, despite his high acoustic standards, he skipped a contractually required sound check prior to a July 2003 performance at the Hollywood Bowl, in Los Angeles. This negligence (and the ensuing sound fiasco) prompted the audience to stream from the venue before the concert ended.[10] In 1997, Gilberto sued record label EMI over their reissue of several of his early works, which he contended had been poorly remastered. According to The New York Times, "A statement by his lawyer at the time declared that the reissues contained sound effects that 'did not pertain to the original recordings, banalizing the work of a great artist." Following the incident, EMI ceased production of the albums in question, and, as of 2008, the lawsuit has yet to reach a decision.[11]
In 2001, Gilberto won the Grammy for the Best World Music Album category in the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards for his work in the album João Voz e Violão.[12] A year later, he was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame.[13]
In September 2003, Gilberto performed four shows in Japan.[14] His performance at the Tokyo International Forum on 12 September was recorded for a live album titled In Tokyo which was released in 2004.[15] At the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2005, In Tokyo received a nomination for Best MPB Album.[16] On 17 May 2017, Gilberto received an honorary doctorate in music from Columbia University but did not attend the commencement ceremony.[17]
Role in bossa nova
[edit]With the introduction of the microphone and the amplifier in Brazil, Gilberto realized that the sound source did not need to be emitted intensely, regarding the voice and instrument, which favored subtle and internalized interpretations. On the other hand, at the time of the first "bossa nova" recordings, Brazil still did not have high fidelity recording equipment capable of reproducing more complex sonorities. Due to that, Gilberto and Tom Jobim, Gilberto's first arranger, elaborated complex harmonies under the influence of American music, and at the same time they simplified the general sound, because of the equipment limitation.[18]
In July 1958, Elizete Cardoso released the famous LP, Canção do Amor Demais, containing songs by Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes. The record, however, would enter the history of Brazilian popular music for another reason: Gilberto accompanied Cardoso on guitar on the tracks "Chega de Saudade" and "Outra Vez", these being the first recordings of the so-called "bossa nova beat". In August of that year, Gilberto released a 78 rpm record containing "Chega de Saudade" and "Bim Bom", recorded at Odeon, with collaborations from Jobim, Dorival Caymmi and Aloysio de Oliveira. This record inaugurated the "bossa nova" genre and soon became a commercial success. Gilberto's recording had arrangements by Jobim and the participation of Milton Banana, among other artists. Gilberto innovated by using two microphones to record, one for the voice and one for the guitar. This way, the harmony became more clearly heard. Until then, songs were recorded with only one microphone, emphasizing the voice to the detriment of the guitar. With this innovation, voice and guitar could compete equally, if the voice maintained a natural intensity. Thus, it was necessary to issue the voice in a volume close to that of ordinary speech. With Gilberto, voice and guitar are kept at the same volume intensity, with the microphones picking up both sound sources equally, and, if required, changing the volume of both would be in equal proportion. In 1959, Gilberto released another 78 rpm, containing "Desafinado" by Jobim and Newton Mendonça, and "Hô-bá-lá-lá", written by himself. In March 1959, he released the LP Chega de Saudade, which became a sales success and had a major impact in the history of Brazilian music.[18]
Musical style
[edit]Gilberto's style combines traditional elements of samba with more contemporary jazz.[1][3] His "unique"[1] acoustic guitar style involves a syncopated rhythm of plucked chords, with chord progressions rooted in the jazz tradition.[3] His vocal style has been described as "laid-back and understated".[3] In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Gilberto at number 81 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[19] Leonardo Rocha, in his obituary for the BBC, states that Gilberto's music describes "a period of huge optimism in Brazil".[1]
Personal life
[edit]Gilberto first married the singer Astrud Weinert,[20] with whom he collaborated on the hit recording of "The Girl from Ipanema"; the couple had a son called João Marcelo.[21] They divorced, and he later married the singer Miúcha (died 2018); they had a daughter, Bebel Gilberto, who is also a singer. They later separated. Gilberto also had a daughter with Claudia Faissol, a journalist.[1][3]
Gilberto lived alone from around 2009. His final years were marked by money problems as well as declining health.[1] In 2011, he was sued and evicted from an apartment in Leblon by his landlord, Countess Georgina Brandolini d'Adda.[22] It was reported in December 2017 that his daughter Bebel was seeking control of his financial affairs because of his declining mental state and increasing indebtedness.[23]
On 6 July 2019, Gilberto died at his apartment in Rio de Janeiro.[24] His body was buried in Niterói following a private ceremony on 8 July 2019.[25]
Writing in The Guardian after his death, Dom Phillips described Gilberto as ".. one of the country's greatest musicians and composers, a reclusive genius in a nation of extroverts whose work recalled happier, more optimistic times for a deeply divided nation."[26] In The Washington Post pop critic Chris Richards said, "His voice was one of the most intimate sounds of the 20th century – more melodic than a sigh, more rhythmic than chitchat, only just barely. Every syllable that appeared on his lips carried an air of effortlessness, but Gilberto had worked hard to locate that sacred place where a human breath becomes music."[27]
Discography
[edit]Gilberto has released several studio and live albums:[28]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Joao_Gilberto.jpg/200px-Joao_Gilberto.jpg)
- "Quando Você Recordar" // "Amar é Bom" (1951)
- "Anjo Cruel" // "Sem Ela" (1951)
- "Quando Ela Sai" // "Meia Luz" (1952)
- "Chega de Saudade" // ""Bim-Bom" (Odeon 14.360, 1958)
- "Desafinado" // "Hô-bá-lá-lá" (Odeon 14.426, 1958)
- "Lôbo Bôbo" // "Maria Ninguém" (Odeon 14.460, 1959)
- Cantando as Músicas do Film 'Orfeu do Carnaval' (Odeon, 1959) - 7" EP combining two 78RPM singles, released in 1959: "A Felicidade" // "O Nosso Amor" (Odeon 14.491) and "Manhã de Carnaval" // "Frêvo" (Odeon 14.495).
- Chega de Saudade (Odeon, 1959)
- O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor [AKA Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto] (Odeon, 1960)
- João Gilberto (Odeon, 1961)
- Getz/Gilberto (with Stan Getz) (Verve, 1963 [1964])
- Bossa Nova at Carnegie Hall (Audio Fidelity, 1963)
- The Boss of Bossa Nova (Atlantic, 1963) reissue of João Gilberto
- The Warm World of João Gilberto (Atlantic, 1963) reissue of Chega de Saudade
- Gilberto and Jobim (Capitol, 1964) reissue of Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto
- Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2 (with Stan Getz) (Verve, 1964 [1966])
- João Gilberto en México (Orfeon, 1970)
- João Gilberto (Polydor, 1973) - this release is often referred to as João Gilberto's "white album".
- The Best of Two Worlds (with Stan Getz) (Columbia, 1975 [1976])
- Amoroso (Warner Bros., 1977)
- Interpreta Tom Jobim (Odeon, 1978; reissued in 1985)
- João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira (Warner Bros., 1980)
- Brasil (with Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and Maria Bethânia) (Warner Bros., 1981)
- Meditação (EMI, 1985)
- Live in Montreux (Elektra Musician, 1985 [1987])
- O Mito (EMI, 1988) - also released as The Legendary João Gilberto: The Original Bossa Nova Recordings (1958-1961) on World Pacific in 1990.
- Stan Getz Meets João & Astrud Gilberto: New York 1964 (Giants of Jazz, 1990)
- João (Philips, 1991)
- Eu Sei que Vou Te Amar (Epic, 1994)
- João Voz e Violão (Verve, 2000)
- Live at Umbria Jazz (EGEA [Italy], 2002)
- In Tokyo (Verve, 2003 [2004])
- Um Encontro No Au Bon Gourmet (with Tom Jobim, Vinicius De Moraes and Os Cariocas) (Doxy, 2015) - recorded live in 1962.
- Getz/Gilberto '76 [live] (Resonance, 2016)
- Relicário: João Gilberto Ao Vivo No Sesc (05 abr 1998) (Selo SESC SP, 2023) 2-CD[29]
Awards
[edit]Award | Year[A] | Recipient or nominee | Category | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grammy Awards | 1965 | Getz/Gilberto | Album of the Year | Won | [30] |
Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical | Won | ||||
Best Jazz Instrumental Album | Won | ||||
2001 | João voz e violão | Best World Music Album | Won | [1] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Indicates the year of ceremony. Each year is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "João Gilberto: Brazilian 'father of bossa nova' dies aged 88". BBC. 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ "Brazilian musician João Gilberto dies aged 88". The Guardian. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Robin Denselow (6 July 2019). "João Gilberto obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ a b Dougan, John. "João Gilberto – Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ *Garcia, Walter (1999). Bim bom : a contradição sem conflitos de João Gilberto (in Portuguese). Paz e Terra. ISBN 852190343X. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- Garcia, Walter (2012). João Gilberto (in Portuguese). Cosac Naify. p. 451. ISBN 978-8575037379. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- "João Gilberto do Prado Pereira de Oliveira". Dicionário da Música Popular Brasileira (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- "A vida de João Gilberto, símbolo da bossa nova e da consagração da música brasileira no mundo". Terra.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^
- "Relembre principais momentos da carreira de João Gilberto". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). 6 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- Máximo, João (6 July 2019). "João Gilberto: O verdadeiro pai da bossa nova". O Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- Rossi, Marina; Galarraga Gortázar, Naiara (6 July 2019). "Morre João Gilberto, o cantor que apresentou a Bossa Nova ao mundo". El País (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ McGowan, Chris; Pessanha, Ricardo (1998). The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova, and the Popular Music of Brazil. Temple University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9781566395458.
- ^ Ruggiero, Bob (26 June 2014). "The Girl From Ipanema – Still Turning (Jazz) Heads at 50". Houston Press. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ Chediak, Almir (1990). Bossa nova (in Portuguese). Irmãos Vitale. ISBN 9788585426347.
- ^ Heckman, Don (25 July 2003). "Primed for perfection but never reached". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
- ^ Ratliff, Ben (15 June 2008). "João Gilberto's Pioneering Bossa Nova Records Are Caught in a Legal Limbo". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ "Awards". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ "Blades, Jobim Among Latin Hall Inductees". Billboard. 4 April 2001. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ Loudon, Christopher (1 October 2004). "Joao Gilberto: In Tokyo". JazzTimes. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ O'Niel, Tim (7 June 2004). "João Gilberto: In Tokyo". PopMatters. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Complete list of 6th annual Latin Grammy nominations". Orange County Register. 4 November 2005. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "João Gilberto to Receive Honorary Doctorate". Columbia University Department of Music. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ a b
- Leal, Claudio. "EMI "amesquinhou" obra de João Gilberto, diz laudo de Paulo Jobim". Terra Magazine (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- "Há 50 anos, João Gilberto estreou seu samba harmônico e sincopado". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- Homem de Mello, Zuza (2001). Folha Explica – João Gilberto (in Portuguese). São Paulo: PubliFolha. ISBN 8574022896. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- Tatit, Luiz (1995). O cancionista: composição de canções no Brasil (in Portuguese). EdUSP. ISBN 8531402484. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "Artist: Astrud Gilberto". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ "Olhos nos olhos" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ *"EGO – NOTÍCIAS – João Gilberto devolve apartamento a condessa, diz jornal". ego.globo.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- Nassif, Luis (30 January 2011). "A condessa que está despejando João Gilberto".
- ^ Clarin.com. "El drama de Joao Gilberto, uno de los padres de la bossa nova" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^
- "Brazilian musician João Gilberto dies aged 88". The Guardian. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- "Morre o cantor e compositor João Gilberto". Época (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- Forrest, Adam (6 July 2019). "Joao Gilberto dead: Brazilian Bossa Nova legend dies, aged 88". The Independent. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ "Brazil mourns bossa nova founder João Gilberto as he is buried in Rio". Reuters. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ Phillips, Dom (7 July 2019). "Brazil mourns death of musician João Gilberto". The Guardian.
- ^ Richards, Chris (7 July 2019). "Perspective | João Gilberto sang lullabies to the future". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
- ^
- "Conheça a discografia de João Gilberto". O Globo (in Portuguese). 6 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- "João Gilberto". discogs. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- Fernando Vianna, Luiz (6 July 2019). "Discografia de João Gilberto vai do transcendental ao mais do mesmo". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ Bahia, Alô Alô. "Relicário: João Gilberto (ao vivo no Sesc 1998) chega a todas as plataformas de streaming e em CD". Alô Alô Bahia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Em 1965, João Gilberto fazia história ao ganhar Grammy de Álbum do Ano". 6 July 2019.
Sources
[edit]- Castro, Ruy (trans. by Lysa Salsbury). Bossa Nova: The Story of the Brazilian Music That Seduced the World. 2000. 1st English language edition. A Capella Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc. ISBN 1-55652-409-9 First published in Brasil by Companhia das Letras. 1990.
- McGowan, Chris and Pessanha, Ricardo. The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova and the Popular Music of Brazil. 1998. 2nd edition. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-545-3
- Gridley, Mark. Jazz Styles: History and Analysis. 9th. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, Print.
- De Stefano, Gildo, Il popolo del samba, La vicenda e i protagonisti della storia della musica popolare brasiliana, Preface by Chico Buarque de Hollanda, Introduction by Gianni Minà, RAI-ERI, Rome 2005, ISBN 8839713484
- De Stefano, Gildo, Saudade Bossa Nova: musiche, contaminazioni e ritmi del Brasile, Preface by Chico Buarque, Introduction by Gianni Minà, Logisma Editore, Firenze 2017, ISBN 978-88-97530-88-6
External links
[edit]Media related to João Gilberto at Wikimedia Commons
- João Gilberto discography at Discogs
- João Gilberto discography by Laura Pelner McCarthy
- João Gilberto discography on Slipcue.com
- Plain João—The Man Who Invented Bossa Nova, a biographical profile by Daniella Thompson
- Joao Gilberto: The Early Records a special on Gilberto at the blog Worlds of Wanwood
- Behind the scenes of the legendary 1962 bossa nova concert
- Bossa Nova Guitar Transcriptions – mostly of songs performed by João Gilberto
- The Brazilian Sound: Brazilian Music & Culture – site
- 1931 births
- 2019 deaths
- Música Popular Brasileira singers
- 20th-century Brazilian male singers
- 20th-century Brazilian singers
- 21st-century Brazilian male singers
- 21st-century Brazilian singers
- English-language singers from Brazil
- Brazilian jazz singers
- Latin jazz singers
- Bossa nova singers
- 20th-century guitarists
- 21st-century guitarists
- Brazilian male guitarists
- Brazilian jazz guitarists
- Bossa nova guitarists
- Fingerstyle guitarists
- Acoustic guitarists
- Brazilian male jazz musicians
- Samba musicians
- Brazilian composers
- Resonance Records artists
- Grammy Award winners
- People from Juazeiro
- Brazilian expatriates in Mexico
- Brazilian expatriates in the United States