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40s BC

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From left, clockwise: Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon; Fire of Alexandria following a Roman siege; Assassination of Pompey the Great; Assassination of Julius Caesar.

This article concerns the period 49 BC – 40 BC.

Events

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49 BC

By place and Date

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Roman Republic
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48 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Egypt
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  • September 28 – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy XIII, after landing in Egypt (may have occurred September 29, records unclear).
  • October – Julius Caesar reaches Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander the Great. He is met by an Egyptian delegation from Ptolemy XIII. The Egyptians offer him gifts: the ring of Pompey and his head.
  • Queen Cleopatra VII returns to the palace rolled into a Persian carpet and has it presented to Caesar by her servant. The Egyptian princess, only twenty-one years old, becomes his mistress.
  • December – Battle in Alexandria: Forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII and Queen Arsinoe IV. The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire.
Asia
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47 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Egypt
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Anatolia
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Judea
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China
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46 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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By topic

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45 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Asia
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44 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Europe
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43 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Gaul
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Asia
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42 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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41 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Egypt
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40 BC

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By place

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Roman Republic
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Asia minor

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Egypt
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Igodomigodo Kingdom
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  • Ogiso Igodo dissolves the Ik’edionwere Council (western Africa). establishes the Royal Council with members of the disbanded Ik’edionwere Council and the Odibo-Ogiso group. He names his combined territories, Igodomigodo with its capital at Ugbekun.[11]
Greece
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Parthia
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China
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Significant people

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Births

49 BC

48 BC

47 BC

46 BC

45 BC

44 BC

43 BC

42 BC

41 BC

40 BC

Deaths

49 BC

48 BC

47 BC

46 BC

45 BC

44 BC

43 BC

42 BC

41 BC

40 BC

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 129. ISBN 0-631-21858-0.
  2. ^ Stambaugh, John E. (1988). The Ancient Roman City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-8018-3574-7.
  3. ^ a b Toynbee, Arnold Joseph. "Julius Caesar". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  4. ^ Strauss, Barry S. (2015). The death of Caesar : the story of history's most famous assassination. New York. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4516-6879-7. OCLC 883147929.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ King, Arienne. "Caesarion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  6. ^ ARENA, VALENTINA (2007). "Invocation to Liberty and Invective of "Dominatus" at the End of the Roman Republic". Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. 50: 49–73. doi:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2007.tb00264.x. ISSN 0076-0730. JSTOR 43646694.
  7. ^ Pippidi, D. M. (1976). Dictionar de istorie veche a României: (paleolitic-sec.X) (in Romanian). Editura științifică și enciclopedică. pp. 116–117.
  8. ^ a b Fishwick, Duncan (2004). The Imperial Cult in the Latin West III, Part 3. Brill. p. 250. ISBN 9789047412762.
  9. ^ Warfare in the Classical World, John Warry (1980), p. 177. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5
  10. ^ Haskell, H. J.: This was Cicero (1964), p. 293
  11. ^ "IGODOMIGODO: Meaning and Story Behind Igodomigodo". August 26, 2019.
  12. ^ Kenney, Edward John. "Ovid". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  13. ^ "Tiberius (42 BC-37AD". BBC. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  14. ^ "Pompey the Great | Roman statesman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  15. ^ Ferguson, John; Balsdon, John P.V. Dacre. "Cicero". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  16. ^ Badian, E. (February 19, 2024). "Marcus Junius Brutus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  17. ^ "Ptolemaic High Priests of Memphis: Imhotep frame". www.tyndalehouse.com. Retrieved 2018-03-22.