Jump to content

Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life/Alt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Backup of original version of page.

First, an important note for everyone to remember:

A few Wikipedians have gotten together to make some suggestions about how we might organize data in these articles. These are only suggestions, things to give you focus and to get you going, and you shouldn't feel obligated in the least to follow them. But if you don't know what to write or where to begin, following the below guidelines may be helpful. Mainly, we just want you to write articles!


Title

[edit]

WikiProject Tree of Life

Scope

[edit]

This WikiProject aims primarily to present the taxonomy of all living species (and maybe some extinct ones as well) in a tree structure. This is a particularly ambitious WikiProject, as there are millions of them.

Parentage

[edit]

The parent of this WikiProject is the WikiProject Biology. The grandparent of this WikiProject is the WikiProject Science.

Descendant Wikiprojects

[edit]

Similar Wikiprojects

[edit]

The similar WikiProject is the WikiProject Conservation worldwide.

Participants

[edit]

See talk:Solanales for the original expression of this idea.

Structure

[edit]

There is an article called Tree of life, but since that is a disambiguation page, the real root of the Tree of Life is evolutionary tree. There shall be articles for all taxa of ranks domain, kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, and genus. There may be articles for intermediate taxa. Articles for species are generally not needed, but may be put for salient species such as Amorphophallus titanum.

Each taxon of a rank from genus to phylum/division, inclusive, shall have the following sections:

The following struck-out text (except for problems and references) no longer applies due to discussion on Talk:Hominid. Now a table will contain taxonomic information.
  • Placement: This is a list of the taxa of which this is a subtaxon.
  • Synonyms and common names: If this taxon is also known by another name, such as Gramineae for Poaceae, that is noted here. Also the common name, if any (grasses, in this case).
  • References: This is a list of references used in compiling the article, primarily those used for the children. If the reference is hardcopy, the date of publication shall be listed; if online, the date it was checked.
  • Text: Description of the taxon including distinguishing characters, how members of the taxon are used, ecology, etc. If the scientific name is also the common name of the same organism, the entire common-name article goes here. Anything about the taxon not covered by the other sections is fair game, including pictures (see Testudines).
  • Children: These are subtaxa of the taxon. If the children are anything genus or above, they are links.
  • Problems: I'm not quite sure what this is for.

These, except the text, may be placed in a table (see example below), right-justified at the top of the text. In this case, a picture, if any, is placed below the common name and above the placement. If the page is about a species, the "Children" section is replaced with a Binomial name section (see Bald eagle for an example).

If a taxon has a single child, they may be on the same page with a redirect from the other. For instance, since Ginkgo is the only genus in Ginkgophyta, Ginkgophyta, Ginkgoales, and Ginkgoaceae all redirect to Ginkgo. Similarly Cuscuta is the only genus in Cuscutaceae (and the common name dodder redirects there too).

If a taxon is also the common name for the same organism, the text should go above the placement, as in Hippopotamus. If the common name covers more than the taxon, as in octopus, that shall be noted.

If a taxon is a homonym of a word that is not the name of an organism, it or the non-organism shall be distinguished. For instance, Rubiaceae has links to the genera Alberta (plant) and Augusta (plant) to avoid confusion with the places Alberta and Augusta.

If a taxon is a homonym of the common name of a different organism, they may be placed on the same page with a horizontal rule between them. See nasturtium for an example.

Criteria for inclusion

[edit]

At what level is it worth having a separate Wikipedia entry for a particular species? Any level you like. If we try to do individual entries for all species, we will be at it for a long time! The simplest (and probably best) rule is to have no rule: if you have the time and energy to write up some particularly obscure subspecies that most people have never even heard of, go to it!

As a general guideline, though, it's best to combine separate species into a single entry whenever it seems likely that there won't be enough text to make more than a short, unsatisfying stub otherwise. If the entry grows large enough to deserve splitting, that can always be done later.

A useful heuristic is to create articles in a "downwards" order, that is, family articles first, then genus, then species. If you find that information is getting thin, or the family/genus is really small, just leave the species info inline in the family or genus article, don't try to force it down any further. (An exception to this is monotypic families or genera; create a species article then redirect family and genus names to it.)

What about extinct species? At the very least, we should include species that have become extinct within historical times—i.e., within the last 5000 years or so. There seems no obvious reason to exclude any species.

It is important to link articles up and down at least, so that, say, a family article, like shrike, links back to order passerine, and down to species accounts if they exist.

Names and titles:

[edit]

In general, use the formal common name for page titles.

Sometimes exceptions need to be made; some individual creatures (usually newly discovered ones) do not yet have a formal common name. Some distinct groups are known only by their scientific name. Dicruridae, for example, is a much better title than monarch flycatchers, flycatchers, fantails, drongos and the Magpie-lark. Also note that ONLY ornithologists have taken to officially formalizing common names. Therefore it is not just newly discovered species that "do not yet have a formal common name", but all species that are not birds. Common names differ by language and geographic location and are therefore not always appropriate for article titles.

The name of a bird species is always capitalised. This signals to the reader that we are indicating a particular, exact species. The phrase "in Australia there are many Common Starlings" indicates a large number of Sturnus vulgaris. In contrast, the phrase "in Australia there are many common starlings" indicates several different types of starling.

When you create a new entry for a species, make sure it is correctly capitalised for the relevant group and always create a redirect in the alternative form.

Summary of naming guidelines common names:

  • The name of a particular bird species is always capitalised: Common Blackbird, Western Marsh Harrier. Cetaceans are also capitalised.
  • The name of a group of species is not capitalised: thrush family, kingfishers, turtle doves, marsh harriers.
  • The hyphenated part of a species name is not usually capitalised: Red-winged Blackbird, Black-faced Butcherbird, Splendid Fairy-wren.
  • Alternative names should be mentioned where appropriate; with bold type in the opening line of the entry if they are in wide use, elsewhere in the article (with or without the bold type) if they are less-used. This is usually a matter for individual judgement.

Summary of naming guidelines: scientific names:

  • Orders, families and other taxa above genus level are written with an initial capital and in roman (not italic) text. The taxon descriptor is also always capitalized when it precedes the taxon name, but not when it stands alone: "bats belong to a class of their own — the Class Chiroptera"; "the genera of rats and mice are included in the Family Muridae and the Order Rodentia.
  • The names of genera are always italicised and capitalised: Turdus, Falco, Anas.
  • Species names are never capitalised, even when derived from a proper noun. They are always italicised, and always preceded by either the genus name or an abbreviation of it: Alcedo pusilla or A. pusilla, Cisticola juncidis or C. juncidis. Thus juncides by itself would have no meaning (there could be several species of very different organisms with that name.

Taxonomy and references

[edit]

This is likely to be the single most difficult part of the project. Not only does taxonomy vary significantly from one authority to another, but it is in a state of constant change. There is no single authority to rely on; no one list can claim to be the list.

Hierarchy Definition

[edit]

No classification of the Tree of Life has been defined. See this example on dividing a topic into a hierarchy.

General Strategy and Discussion forum

[edit]

Potentially Useful References

[edit]

Template

[edit]

What colors to make the HTML table backgrounds

Animaliapink
Plantaelightgreen
Fungilightblue
Protistakhaki
Bacterialightgrey
Archaeadarkgray

Note that darkgray is spelt with an a, while lightgrey is spelt with an e, thanks to a quirk in the HTML standard. Changing these will work on some browsers, but not all.



Sample taxoboxes (plants)

[edit]
Plants
Scientific classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Plantae
Divisions
Nonvascular plants


    Bryophyta - mosses
.
.
Vascular plants
Seedless
    Psilophyta - whisk ferns
.
.
Seeded
Gymnosperms
    Coniferophyta - conifers
.
.
Angiosperms
   Magnoliophyta - flowering plants
.
.

Ref. source-abbrev page-name yyyy-mm-dd

Level: Plantae

[edit]

(example from Plant)

Page contents:

Synonyms and common names

[edit]

Where found.

Text

[edit]

Whatever you want to say.

Children

[edit]

(actually, this is pretty much covered in the taxobox; if you decide to include it, add comments to the entries.)

Problems

[edit]

Here we can note deviations from what the writer has accepted as a standard. In Solanales I show two families that my source did not show as belonging here. One it placed in another order; the other was not even in its data base. (from Talk:Solanales)

References

[edit]

Give long form (good for printing) of references here.


Level: Division

[edit]
Flowering plants
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Classes
Liliopsida (monocots)

Magnoliopsida (dicots)
.
.

Ref. source-abbrev page-name yyyy-mm-dd

(example from Flowering_plant)


Level: Class

[edit]
Dicotyledons
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Orders
Subclass Asteridae

&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Asterales (sunflowers) - 1 family
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Callitrichales - 2 families
.
.
Subclass Caryophyllidae
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Caryophyllales - 12 families
.
.

Ref. source-abbrev page-name yyyy-mm-dd


(example from Magnoliopsida)


Level: Order

[edit]
Scrophulariales
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Subkingdom:Tracheobionta
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Scrophulariales
Families

   Acanthaceae
.
.

Ref. Uni-Ham 52efam 2002-09-06


(example from Scrophulariales)


Level: Family

[edit]
Scrophulariaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Scrophulariales
Family:Scrophulariaceae
Genera

  Agalinis Raf. -- false foxglove
.
.
and about 200 more.

Ref. source-abbrev page-name yyyy-mm-dd


(example from Scrophulariaceae)


Level: Genus

[edit]
Spiderwort
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Liliopsida
Order:Commelinales
Family: Commelinaceae
Genus: Tradescantia
Species

Tradescantia bracteata Small ex Britt.
.
.

Ref. source-abbrev page-name yyyy-mm-dd


(example from Spiderwort)


Level: Species

[edit]
White ash
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Scrophulariales *
Family:Oleaceae
Genus:Fraxinus
Species:americana
Binomial name
Fraxinus americana L.
* Some botanists include the Oleaceae
in the order Lamiales.


(example from White_ash)

This box also shows a comment on the botany; on this level the info should not be included in the text, but the taxobox needs it.