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Paulette Goddard

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Paulette Goddard
Goddard in 1947
Born
Marion Levy[a]

(1910-06-03)June 3, 1910[b]
New York City, U.S.
DiedApril 23, 1990(1990-04-23) (aged 79)
Ronco sopra Ascona, Switzerland
Occupations
  • Actress
  • dancer
  • model
  • film producer
Years active1926–1972
Spouses
Edgar James
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​
(m. 1927; div. 1932)​
​
​
(m. 1936; div. 1942)​
​
​
(m. 1944; div. 1949)​
​
​
(m. 1958; died 1970)​

Paulette Goddard (born Marion Levy; June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an American actress and socialite. Her career spanned six decades, from the 1920s to the early 1970s. She was a prominent leading actress during the Golden Age of Hollywood.

Born in New York City and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, Goddard initially began her career as a child fashion model and performer in several Broadway productions as a Ziegfeld Girl. In the early 1930s, she moved to Hollywood and gained notice as the romantic partner of actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin, appearing as his leading lady in Modern Times (1936) and The Great Dictator (1940). After signing with Paramount Pictures, Goddard became one of the studio's biggest stars with roles in The Cat and the Canary (1939) with Bob Hope, The Women (1939) with Joan Crawford, North West Mounted Police (1940) with Gary Cooper, Reap the Wild Wind (1942) with John Wayne and Susan Hayward, So Proudly We Hail! (1943) (for which she received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress), Kitty (1945) with Ray Milland, and Unconquered (1947) with Gary Cooper.

Goddard was noted as a fiercely independent woman for her time, being described by one executive as "dynamite".[11] Her marriages to Chaplin, the actor Burgess Meredith, and the writer Erich Maria Remarque received substantial media attention. Following her marriage to Remarque, Goddard moved to Switzerland and largely retired from acting. In the 1980s, she became a notable socialite. Goddard died in Switzerland in 1990.

Early life

[edit]

Goddard was born in New York City, as Marion Levy, the daughter of Joseph Russell Le Vee, the son of a prosperous cigar manufacturer from Salt Lake City, and Alta Mae Goddard.[12][13] Her parents separated and divorced in 1926. According to Goddard, her father left them, but according to J. R. Le Vee, Alta absconded with the child; to avoid a custody battle, she and her mother moved often during her childhood, including relocating to Canada at one point.[12] Goddard did not meet her father again until the late 1930s, after she had become famous.[14] In a 1938 interview published in Collier's, Goddard claimed Le Vee was not her biological father. In response, Le Vee filed a suit against his daughter, claiming that the interview had ruined his reputation and cost him his job, and demanded financial support from her; Goddard admitted her loss in the case in a December 1945 interview with Life, and was forced to pay her father $35 a week.[14]

Goddard began modeling after her parents' separation, working for Saks Fifth Avenue, Hattie Carnegie, and others. An important figure in her childhood was her mother's paternal uncle Charles Goddard, the owner of the American Druggists Syndicate. He played a central role in Goddard's career, introducing her to Broadway impresario Florenz Ziegfeld.[12] In 1926, she made her stage debut as a dancer in Ziegfeld's summer revue, No Foolin' under the stage name Paulette Goddard.[15] Ziegfeld hired her for another musical, Rio Rita, which opened in February 1927, but she left the show after only three weeks to appear in the play The Unconquerable Male, produced by Archie Selwyn.[16] However, it was a flop and closed after only three days following its premiere in Atlantic City.[16] Soon after, Goddard was introduced to Edgar James, president of the Southern Lumber Company, located in Asheville, North Carolina, by Charles Goddard.[17] Aged 17, considerably younger than James, she married him on June 28, 1927, in Rye, New York. It was a short marriage, and they separated in 1929; Goddard was granted a divorce in Reno, Nevada, in 1932, receiving a divorce settlement of $375,000.[17]

Film career

[edit]

Goddard first visited Hollywood in 1929. She appeared as an uncredited extra in two films, the Laurel and Hardy short film Berth Marks (1929) and George Fitzmaurice's drama The Locked Door (1929).[18] Following her divorce from James, Goddard and her mother briefly visited Europe before returning to Hollywood. Upon her return, Goddard signed her first film contract with producer Samuel Goldwyn to appear as a Goldwyn Girl in Whoopee! (1930). She also appeared in City Streets (1931), Ladies of the Big House (1931), and The Girl Habit (1931) for Paramount, Palmy Days (1931) for Goldwyn, and The Mouthpiece (1932) for Warners. However, Goddard and Goldwyn did not get along, and she also began work for Hal Roach Studios in 1932, appearing in a string of uncredited supporting roles for the next four years.[18]

1932–38: Charlie Chaplin and David Selznick

[edit]
Goddard in Modern Times (1936)

The year she signed with Hal Roach, Goddard began dating Charlie Chaplin, a relationship that received substantial attention from the press.[18][19] Chaplin sent her to local acting teacher Neely Dickson at the Hollywood Community Theater to, in Dickson's words, "give her a polish."[20] It marked a turning point in Goddard's career when Chaplin cast her as his leading lady in his next box office hit, Modern Times (1936). Her role as "The Gamin," an orphan girl who runs away from the authorities and becomes The Tramp's companion, was her first credited film appearance and garnered her mainly positive reviews, Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times describing her as "the fitting recipient of the great Charlot's championship".[18]

Following the success of Modern Times, Chaplin planned other projects with Goddard in mind as a co-star. However, Chaplin worked on his projects slowly, and Goddard worried that the public might forget about her if she did not continue to make regular film appearances. She signed a contract with David O. Selznick and appeared with Janet Gaynor in the comedy The Young in Heart (1938). Selznick, who was pleased with Goddard's performance in the film, strongly considered her for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind. Initial screen tests convinced Selznick and director George Cukor that Goddard would require coaching to be effective in the role, but that she showed the most promise.[11] By December 1938, Selznick had narrowed the choices to Goddard and Vivien Leigh, who won the role after the two completed the only Technicolor screen tests for the role. Goddard's losing out on the role was attributable to several factors. Notably, the head of Selznick's publicity department Russell Birdwell had strong misgivings about Goddard, writing, "Briefly, I think she is dynamite that will explode in our very faces if she is given the part."[11] Chaplin's biographer Joyce Milton wrote that Selznick also worried about legal issues by signing Goddard to a contract that might conflict with her pre-existing contracts with the Chaplin studio.[21]

During this time, Selznick lent Goddard to MGM for two films: Dramatic School (1938) and the all-female ensemble The Women (1939). The first, with Luise Rainer, received mediocre reviews and failed to attract an audience.[22] However, The Women – directed by Cukor following his firing from Gone with the Wind – was one of the year's most successful films. Of her role as Miriam Aarons, film critic Pauline Kael later wrote of Goddard, "she is a stand-out. Fun."[23]

1939–49: Paramount

[edit]
Douglass Montgomery, Bob Hope, Goddard and John Beal in The Cat and the Canary (1939)

In 1939, Goddard signed a contract with Paramount Pictures and was promptly teamed with comedian Bob Hope for the horror comedy film The Cat and the Canary (1939). The film became a turning point for both their careers, and they were promptly reteamed for The Ghost Breakers (1940) and Nothing but the Truth (1941), both of which also featured Willie Best. She was also cast for the musical comedy Second Chorus opposite Fred Astaire, Artie Shaw, and future husband Burgess Meredith. Astaire later described it as "the worst film I ever made" while Shaw admitted the film made him reconsider an acting career.[24] In September 1939, Chaplin also began production on his next film The Great Dictator (1940) in which Goddard again co-starred alongside him as Hannah. The film was released the following year to critical and audience acclaim. However, it would also be her final film with Chaplin, as their marriage fell apart soon after.[citation needed]

In 1940, Goddard made the Cecil B. DeMille Western film North West Mounted Police opposite Gary Cooper and Madeleine Carroll. The film, her first dramatic role for Paramount, became one of the year's top-ten grossing films. She also starred in another musical comedy Pot o' Gold opposite James Stewart, which was released the following year. Stewart expressed similar feelings toward his film as Astaire,[25] while Goddard's biographer Julie Gilbert claimed Goddard did not like Stewart's acting, reportedly saying "anyone can gulp". Her other film for 1941, romantic drama Hold Back the Dawn with Charles Boyer and Olivia de Havilland, received positive reviews.

So Proudly We Hail! (1943)

In 1942, Goddard gave one of her better-remembered film appearances in the variety musical Star Spangled Rhythm, in which she sang "A Sweater, a Sarong, and a Peekaboo Bang" with Dorothy Lamour and Veronica Lake. The studio also began to pair her with Ray Milland. Her first pairing with Milland, The Lady Has Plans, was panned by critics and had a tepid box office performance. However, she quickly reunited with him and DeMille for the adventure film Reap the Wild Wind. The film, which also co-starred John Wayne and Susan Hayward, saw Goddard in a Scarlett O'Hara-type role and became the studio's best-grossing film for the year. Their third film, The Crystal Ball, was bought by United Artists – a studio co-founded by Chaplin – and released the following year to tepid box office receipts. That same year, Goddard headlined So Proudly We Hail! with Claudette Colbert and Veronica Lake. Her performance as Lt. Joan O'Doul, a nurse serving in the Battle of the Philippines, earned Goddard a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 16th Academy Awards. She reteamed with her co-star in that film, Sonny Tufts, in I Love a Soldier the following year with less successful results.[citation needed]

In May 1944, Goddard renegotiated her contract with Paramount to make two films per year over a seven-year period.[26] The first film under this deal, costume drama Kitty, reunited her with Milland. The film required Goddard to learn a cockney accent, for which she was coached by Connie Lupino, mother of actress Ida Lupino.[27] The film was released the following year, becoming her most successful film for the studio. She also made a cameo as herself in the ensemble comedy Duffy's Tavern, based on the popular radio show. Akin to Star Spangled Rhythm, the film featured several Paramount contract players in cameos as themselves. In 1946, she starred in The Diary of a Chambermaid opposite her husband Burgess Meredith; the couple also produced the film for United Artists.

In 1947, she starred in two box office disasters: the historical epic Unconquered, which reunited her with Cooper and DeMille; and the comedy An Ideal Husband, which she made in Britain for Alexander Korda. Although one of the year's highest-grossing films, Unconquered had a large budget – further inflated by going past its shooting schedule – that caused it to lose money for Paramount. The film's story was also criticized, though Goddard and Cooper received positive reviews for their performances. During production of the film, Goddard and DeMille clashed on the set over Goddard's reluctance to do a dangerous stunt. An Ideal Husband suffered from behind-the-scenes difficulties that included a crew strike over Goddard using her personal, Swedish-born hairdresser over an English one.[28][29] Besides for Britain, the film severely underperformed at the box office, being pulled in the United States with several other British films due to a boycott by the radical Zionist group Sons of Liberty over British policies in the Palestine Mandate.[30] The following year, Goddard reunited with Meredith in a segment of the comedy film On Our Merry Way, which he also produced. However, that same year, Meredith was placed on the Hollywood blacklist after an investigation by the House Un-American Activities Committee (Chaplin would also later be added to the blacklist).[31] Goddard was paired with MacDonald Carey in two films for Paramount, Hazard (1948) and Bride of Vengeance (1949); and was loaned to Columbia Pictures for the film noir Anna Lucasta.[32] However, all three of the films lost money, and she left the studio in 1949.

1950–58: Freelance and television

[edit]
Paulette Goddard in a publicity shot for A Stranger Came Home (1954)

After leaving Paramount and divorcing Meredith, Goddard headlined the Mexican-American film The Torch (1950), also serving as an associate producer. The following year, she made her television debut in an episode of Four Star Revue. Her roles in films such as film noir Vice Squad opposite Edward G. Robinson, and the biblical character Jezebel in Sins of Jezebel failed to attract the attention of her earlier work. Her last starring film role was in the film noir A Stranger Came Home in 1954, which The New York Times deemed "A third-rate British-made whodunit," and said "A few more fly-by-nights like this Lippert presentation... and the still-shapely Miss Goddard may find herself collecting the pieces of a career";[33] That same year, Goddard guest starred as Lady Beryl on the second episode of Sherlock Holmes starring Ronald Howard (son of Leslie Howard) as Holmes. She continued appearing in summer stock and on television, guest starring on episodes of Adventures in Paradise, The Errol Flynn Theatre, The Joseph Cotten Show, and The Ford Television Theatre.

Later life

[edit]
Goddard and Remarque at their home Casa Monte Tabor in 1961

In 1958, Goddard remarried for the final time to writer Erich Maria Remarque, who was twelve years her senior. Wealthy from shrewd investments, she largely retired from acting and moved with him to Ronco sopra Ascona, Switzerland, where she lived with Remarque in his villa Casa Monte Tabor. However, she did continue to act occasionally, appearing in the unsold television pilot The Phantom, a supporting role in the Italian film Time of Indifference (1964), and a small role in the pilot of The Snoop Sisters. Remarque died on September 25, 1970, from heart failure in Locarno.

In addition to her own wealth, Goddard inherited much of Remarque's money and several important properties across Europe, including a wealth of contemporary art, which augmented her own long-standing collection. During this period, her talent at accumulating wealth became a byword among the old Hollywood elite. She also became a fairly well known and highly visible socialite in New York City, appearing covered with jewels at many high-profile cultural functions with several well-known men, including Andy Warhol, with whom she sustained a friendship for many years until his death in 1987.[34] Goddard underwent invasive treatment for breast cancer in 1975, which by all accounts was successful.[35]

Personal life

[edit]
With Phillip Reed in 1957 on The Joseph Cotten Show

Goddard married the much older lumber tycoon Edgar James on June 28, 1927, when she was 17 years old; the couple moved to North Carolina. They separated two years later and divorced in January 1932.[36]

In 1932, Goddard began a relationship with filmmaker Charlie Chaplin, and moved into his home in Beverly Hills. Aside from referring to Goddard as "my wife" at the October 1940 premiere of The Great Dictator, neither Goddard nor Chaplin publicly commented on their marital status during their time together. On June 3, 1942, Goddard filed for divorce in Mexico that was granted the following day.[37] In his autobiography and her divorce filing, the couple claimed that they were married in June 1936 in Guangdong, China; while the couple did tour the area at this time, no record of a ceremony survives.[38] However, Chaplin also reportedly told relatives that they were married only in common law. The two nonetheless maintained a friendly relationship following the divorce, and Goddard remained close with Chaplin's two elder sons Charles Chaplin Jr. and Sydney Chaplin.[38][39]

Goddard traveled to Mexico in 1940 for Look magazine ("Paulette Goddard Discovers Mexico"), where she met Diego Rivera while living in the San Angel Inn across from his studio. She was "pursued" by Rivera and was depicted holding hands with him in his Pan American Unity mural. She accompanied him to California when he fled Mexico following death threats and attacks on him for his political activities. A follow-up story in Look (July 20, 1940) was titled "Adventure and Mexico – Paulette Goddard helps Diego Rivera." The FBI soon put her under surveillance to investigate her political opinions and activities.[40]

In May 1944, Goddard married Burgess Meredith at David O. Selznick's home in Beverly Hills.[41] In October 1944, she suffered the miscarriage of a son; it was the only pregnancy of hers reported, and she had no biological children from any of her marriages.[42] In the latter part of their marriage, Meredith was placed on the Hollywood blacklist. On the way to a premiere, the two were mobbed by a baying crowd screaming "Communists!"; Goddard was reported to have said "Shall I roll down the window and hit them with my diamonds, Bugsy?" They divorced in June 1949.[43]

In February 1958, Goddard married writer Erich Maria Remarque. They remained married until Remarque's death in 1970.[44]

Death and legacy

[edit]
Goddard Hall, New York University

On April 23, 1990, aged 79, Goddard died at her home in Switzerland from heart failure.[34]

Arguably, Goddard's foremost legacies remain her two feature films with Charles Chaplin — Modern Times and The Great Dictator — and a $20 million donation to New York University (NYU) in New York City to fund an institution devoted to European studies, named after Remarque. This contribution was also in recognition of her friendship with the Indiana-born politician and former NYU President John Brademas. Goddard Hall, a residence hall for NYU freshmen in Greenwich Village, is named in her honor.

Fictional portrayals

[edit]

Goddard was portrayed by Gwen Humble in the made-for-TV movie Moviola: The Scarlett O'Hara War (1980), by Diane Lane in the 1992 film Chaplin, and by Natalie Wilder in the 2011 play Puma, written by Julie Gilbert, who also wrote Opposite Attraction: The Lives of Erich Maria Remarque and Paulette Goddard.[45]

Partial Filmography

[edit]
Film
Year Title Role Notes
1929 Berth Marks Train passenger Short, Uncredited
1929 The Locked Door Girl on rum boat Uncredited
1930 Whoopee! Goldwyn Girl Uncredited
1931 City Streets Dance extra Uncredited
1931 The Girl Habit Lingerie salesgirl
1931 Palmy Days Goldwyn Girl Uncredited
1931 Ladies of the Big House Inmate in midst of crowd Uncredited
1932 The Mouthpiece Blonde at party Uncredited
1932 Show Business Blonde train passenger Short, Uncredited
1932 Young Ironsides Herself, Miss Hollywood Short, Uncredited
1932 Pack Up Your Troubles Bridesmaid Uncredited
1932 Girl Grief Student Short, Uncredited
1932 The Kid from Spain Goldwyn Girl Uncredited
1933 Hollywood on Parade No. B-1 Herself Short
1933 The Bowery Blonde who announces Brodie's jump Uncredited
1933 Hollywood on Parade No. B-5 Herself Short
1933 Roman Scandals Goldwyn Girl Uncredited
1934 Kid Millions Goldwyn Girl Uncredited
1936 Modern Times Ellen Peterson – A Gamine
1936 The Bohemian Girl Gypsy vagabond Uncredited
1938 The Young in Heart Leslie Saunders
1938 Dramatic School Nana
1939 The Women Miriam Aarons
1939 The Cat and the Canary Joyce Norman
1940 The Ghost Breakers Mary Carter
1940 The Great Dictator Hannah
1940 Screen Snapshots: Sports in Hollywood Herself Short
1940 North West Mounted Police Louvette Corbeau Alternative titles: Northwest Mounted Police
The Scarlet Riders
1940 Second Chorus Ellen Miller
1941 Pot o' Gold Molly McCorkle Alternative titles: The Golden Hour
Jimmy Steps Out
1941 Hold Back the Dawn Anita Dixon
1941 Nothing But the Truth Gwen Saunders
1942 The Lady Has Plans Sidney Royce
1942 Reap the Wild Wind Loxi Claiborne Alternative title: Cecil B. DeMille's Reap the Wild Wind
1942 The Forest Rangers Celia Huston Stuart
1942 Star Spangled Rhythm Herself
1943 The Crystal Ball Toni Gerard
1943 So Proudly We Hail! Lt. Joan O'Doul Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
1944 Standing Room Only Jane Rogers / Suzanne
1944 I Love a Soldier Evelyn Connors
1945 Duffy's Tavern Herself
1945 Kitty Kitty
1946 The Diary of a Chambermaid Célestine Producer, Uncredited
1947 Suddenly, It's Spring Mary Morely
1947 Variety Girl Herself
1947 Unconquered Abigail "Abby" Martha Hale
1947 An Ideal Husband Mrs. Laura Cheveley Alternative title: Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband
1948 On Our Merry Way Martha Pease
1948 Screen Snapshots: Smiles and Styles Herself Short
1948 Hazard Ellen Crane
1949 Bride of Vengeance Lucretia Borgia
1949 Anna Lucasta Anna Lucasta
1949 A Yank Comes Back Herself Short, Uncredited
1950 The Torch María Dolores Penafiel Associate producer
Alternative title: Bandit General
1952 Babes in Bagdad Kyra
1953 Vice Squad Mona Ross Alternative title: The Girl in Room 17
1953 Sins of Jezebel Jezebel
1953 Paris Model Betty Barnes Alternative title: Nude at Midnight
1954 Charge of the Lancers Tanya
1954 A Stranger Came Home Angie Alternative title: The Unholy Four
1964 Time of Indifference Mariagrazia Alternative titles: Les Deux Rivales
Gli Indifferenti
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1951 Four Star Revue Guest actress Episode #1.41
1952 The Ed Sullivan Show Herself 2 episodes
1953 Ford Theatre Nancy Whiting Episode: "The Doctor's Downfall"
1954 Sherlock Holmes Lady Beryl Episode: "The Case of Lady Beryl"
1955 Producers' Showcase Sylvia Fowler Episode: "The Woman"
1957 The Errol Flynn Theatre Rachel Episode: "Mademoiselle Fifi"
1957 The Joseph Cotten Show: On Trial Dolly Episode: "The Ghost of Devil's Island"
1957 Ford Theatre Holly March Episode: "Singapore"
1959 Adventures in Paradise Mme. Victorine Reynard Episode: "The Lady from South Chicago"
1959 What's My Line? Guest panelist November 29, 1959 episode[46]
1961 The Phantom Mrs. Harris Unsold pilot
1965 Valentine's Day Aunt Henrietta Episode: "Which Witch?"
1972 The Snoop Sisters Norma Treet TV movie
Alternative title: Female Instinct (final acting appearance)
Radio
Year Title Role Notes
(Source:[47] unless otherwise noted.)
1939 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "Front Page Woman"
1939 The Campbell Playhouse Episode: "Algiers"[48]
1940 The Gulf Screen Guild Theatre Episode: "The Firebrand"
1941 The Gulf Screen Guild Theatre Episode: "Destry Rides Again"
1941 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "Hold Back the Dawn"
1941 Cavalcade of America Episode: "The Gorgeous Hussy"
1941 Screen Guild Players Frenchy Episode: "Destry Rides Again"[49]
1942 Philip Morris Playhouse Episode: "They All Kissed the Bride"[50]
1942 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: "Parent by Proxy"[51]
1942 The Screen Guild Theater The night club queen Episode: "Ball of Fire"[52]
1942 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: "Torrid Zone"
1942 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "North West Mounted Police"
1942 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: "Ball of Fire"
1943 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "Reap the Wild Wind"
1943 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "So Proudly We Hail!"
1944 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: 'I Love You Again"
1944 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "Standing Room Only"
1944 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: "You Belong to Me"[53]
1945 Harold Lloyd Comedy Theatre Episode: "Standing Room Only"
1945 Theatre Guild on the Air Episode: "At Mrs. Beam's"
1947 Lux Radio Theatre Episode: "Kitty"
1947 Hollywood Players Episode: "5th Ave. Girl"[54]
1948 The Screen Guild Theater Episode: "Suddenly It's Spring"[55]
1952 Philip Morris Playhouse Episode: "The Romantic Years"[56]
1952 Broadway Playhouse Standing Room Only[57]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Birth names also cited include: Marion Levy;[1][2][3][4] Pauline Marion Levy;[5] Marion Goddard Levy[6][7][8]
  2. ^ There are discrepancies regarding her year of birth. In legal documents and a 1945 interview with Life, Goddard claimed a 1915 birthdate.[9][10] However, biographer Julie Gilbert gave a 1910 birthdate.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thomson, David. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film: Completely Updated and Expanded, Knopf Doubleday (2010) p. 385
  2. ^ Brando, Marlon. Brando: Songs My Mother Taught Me, Random House Publ. (1994) p. 79
  3. ^ Hale, Georgia. Charlie Chaplin: Intimate Close-Ups, Scarecrow Press (1999) p. 38
  4. ^ Friedrich, Otto. City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s, Univ. of California Press (1986) p. 187
  5. ^ Booker, Keith M. Historical Dictionary of American Cinema, Scarecrow Press (2011) p. 150
  6. ^ Scovell, Jane. Oona Living in the Shadows: A Biography of Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Grand Central Publishing (1998) ebook
  7. ^ Chaplin, Lita Grey. Wife of the Life of the Party: A Memoir, Scarecrow Press (1998) p. 115
  8. ^ Stange, Ellen. New York State of Fame, Page Publishing (2015) ebook
  9. ^ Rimler, Walter (2009). George Gershwin: An Intimate Portrait. University of Illinois Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-252-09369-2.
  10. ^ Jensen, Oliver (December 17, 1945). "The Mystery of Paulette Goddard". Life. Vol. 19, no. 25. p. 124. ISSN 0024-3019. The interview moved on to her date of birth. It was pointed out that the dates most frequently given were 1911, 1905, and 1914. "Isn't that funny", observed Miss Goddard, "because I was actually born in 1915."
  11. ^ a b c Haver, pp. 251, 259-60.
  12. ^ a b c Gilbert, Julie (1995). Opposite Attraction – The Lives of Erich Maria Remarque and Paulette Goddard. Pantheon Books; ISBN 0-679-41535-1, pp. 37–41 for parents' names and backgrounds, as well as Alta's birth year; pp. 159–60 for Le Vee's death year and p. 477 for Alta's death year.
  13. ^ Harms, John W.; Goddard Harms, Pearl (1990). The Goddard Book. Vol. 2. Gateway Press. p. 1364.
  14. ^ a b Gilbert, pp. 159–60
  15. ^ Gilbert, p. 43
  16. ^ a b Gilbert, p. 46
  17. ^ a b Gilbert, pp. 46–51.
  18. ^ a b c d Gilbert, pp. 53–70.
  19. ^ Monush, Barry (2003). Monush, Barry (ed.). Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors: From the Silent Era to 1965, Volume 1. Vol. 1. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 282. ISBN 1-55783-551-9.
  20. ^ Wallace, Irving (October 1940). "Nurseries for Newcomers". Modern Screen. 21 (5): 26–27 – via The Internet Archive, archive.org.
  21. ^ Milton, Joyce. Tramp: The Life of Charlie Chaplin, Harper Collins (1996), pg. 373.
  22. ^ Shipman, p. 247
  23. ^ Kael, pg. 660.
  24. ^ Interviewed in Fantle, Dave and Johnson, Tom. Reel to Real. Badger Books LLC, 2004, pg. 304; ISBN 1932542043
  25. ^ Erickson, Hal (2014). From Radio to the Big Screen: Hollywood Films Featuring Broadcast Personalities and Programs. McFarland. ISBN 9781476615585. In all future interviews, James Stewart would cite Pot o' Gold as his worst picture., pg. 186
  26. ^ "SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: June Allyson Named to Lead in 'Music for Millions' -- 'Taxi to Heaven' Opens Today". The New York Times. May 24, 1944. p. 23.
  27. ^ Schallert, Edwin (June 28, 1944). "'Storm in April' New Purchase by Columbia: Negrete Plans to Do Film in Hollywood; 'Gallant Week-End' Slated by R.K.O.". Los Angeles Times. p. A9.
  28. ^ "REFUSE TO WORK WITH ALIEN". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. March 27, 1947. p. 4. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  29. ^ LoBianco, Lorraine (May 4, 2011). "An Ideal Husband (1947)". Turner Classic Movies (TCM). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  30. ^ Smertenko, Johan J. (October 20, 1948). "Letter to the Editor: Boycott of British Films". New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  31. ^ Vosburgh, Dick. "Obituary: Burgess Meredith". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  32. ^ Higham, Charles; Greenberg, Joel (1971). The celluloid muse; Hollywood directors speak. Regnery. p. [1] 232.
  33. ^ "Movie Review - Stranger Came Home - The Screen in Review; 'Unholy Four' Followed on the Palace Bill by 'A Street Cat Named Sylvester'". The New York Times. October 14, 2022.
  34. ^ a b Flint, Peter B. (April 24, 1990). "Paulette Goddard, 78, Is Dead; Film Star of 1930s Through 50s". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  35. ^ "BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Made for Each Other, and Unfortunately So". The New York Times. August 17, 1995. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  36. ^ "FORMER FOLLIES GIRL SUES.; Paulette Goddard James, Wed Here in 1927, Seeks Reno Divorce". The New York Times. January 9, 1932. p. 21.
  37. ^ "Paulette Goddard Divorces Charles Chaplin in Mexico". St. Petersburg Times. June 5, 1942. p. 8. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  38. ^ a b "PAULETTE GODDARD & CHARLIE CHAPLIN". Little Bits of Classics. April 23, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  39. ^ Ewing, Garen. "The Gamine: Paulette Goddard". CharlieChaplin.com. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  40. ^ Hamill, Pete (1999). Diego Rivera. Harry N. Abrams.
  41. ^ "Paulette Goddard Becomes Bride of Burgess Meredith". The Evening Independent. May 23, 1944. p. 10. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  42. ^ Paulette Goddard (1910–1990) profile, American National Biography Online; accessed April 25, 2014.
  43. ^ "Goddard Mexican Divorce Final". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 8, 1949. p. 12. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  44. ^ "Paulette Goddard, Chaplin's ex-wife". The Pittsburgh Press. April 23, 1990. p. B4. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  45. ^ "New Jersey Rep Presents PUMA Through April 3 Read more about New Jersey Rep Presents PUMA Through April 3". Broadway World. February 17, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  46. ^ What's My Line? - Rodgers & Hammerstein; Martin Gabel & Paulette Goddard (panel; November 29, 1959)
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Sources

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