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Art Taylor

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For the American writer, see Art Taylor (writer).

Art Taylor
Taylor in a 1963 advertisement for Gretsch
Taylor in a 1963 advertisement for Gretsch
Background information
Birth nameArthur S. Taylor Jr.
Born(1929-04-06)April 6, 1929
New York City, US
DiedFebruary 6, 1995(1995-02-06) (aged 65)
New York City, US
GenresJazz
Occupation(s)Musician, composer
InstrumentDrums

Arthur S. Taylor Jr. (April 6, 1929 – February 6, 1995) was an American jazz drummer,[1] who "helped define the sound of modern jazz drumming".[2]

Early Life

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Born in New York, United States, Taylor grew up in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem. He was often nicknamed A.T. or Mr. Cool with those who knew him well. [3]

Career

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As a teenager, Taylor joined a local Harlem band that featured Sonny Rollins, Jackie McLean and Kenny Drew. After playing in the bands of Howard McGhee (1948), Coleman Hawkins (1950–51), Buddy DeFranco (1952), Bud Powell (1953–64), George Wallington and Art Farmer (1954), Wallington again (1954–55), Gigi Gryce and Donald Byrd (1956), he formed his own group, Taylor's Wailers.[4][5] Between 1957 and 1963, he toured with Donald Byrd, recorded with Miles Davis, Gene Ammons and John Coltrane, and performed with Thelonious Monk; Taylor also was a member of the original Kenny Dorham Quartet of 1957.[1]

In 1963, Taylor moved to Europe, where he lived mainly in France and Belgium for 20 years, playing with local groups and jazz musicians such as Johnny Griffin, John Bodwin, and with travelling American musicians, such as Woody Shaw during the latter's tenure in Paris.[1] Taylor also studied drums in Paris with Kenny Clarke. He returned to the United States to help his mother, who was ill.[6] He continued freelancing after returning to the United States, and in 1991 organized a second band called Taylor's Wailers.

1956-1991: Taylor’s Wailers

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Taylor formed his own group in 1956, the Taylor’s Wailers. They recorded their debut album Taylor's Wailers in 1957, at the Van Gelder Studio in Hackensack, New Jersey,[7] featuring Taylor‘s incredible talent as a jazz drummer, along with musicians Donald Byrd (trumpeter), Jackie McLean (altoist), Charlie Rouse (tenor), Ray Bryant (pianist), and Wendel Marshall (bassist). Their album features modern hard bop and multiple swinging sessions.[8] Two tracks that stand out are “Well, You Needn’t” and “Off Minor” compositions of Thelonious Monk. Other outstanding tracks include “C.T.A" which features artists such as John Coltrane, Red Garland and Paul Chambers.[7] In 1992, his group released albums such as Mr. A.T. and a live album called Wailin’ At The Vanguard recorded in New York City at the Village Vanguard and was his final recording as a leader.

1997: As an Author

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He was the author of Notes and Tones,[1] a 1977 book based on his interviews with other musicians.[9] This was, for many musicians, a ground-breaking work, because it presented the interviewees' perspectives on the wider social, political, and economic forces in which they operated – topics normally not mentioned in mainstream coverage of jazz musicians.[9] De Capo Press has released an extended edition of his book which features in-depth interviews of jazz musicians such as Miles Davis, Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk, Ornette Coleman and Dizzy Gillespie.[10] Additionally, Taylor shares that his book had helped him put him on the “right track”. Since writing his book, people assumed that he could not play well anymore, which only reignited the fire in himself to play better than he ever had in his life.[10]

Styles and Influences

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Taylor was originally influenced by American drummer J.C. Heard, who had “solidified his vision in becoming a drummer”.[10] In a 1994 interview with Modern Drummer Magazine he shares childhood memories of his father taking him to the Apollo Theatre, to see J.C. Heard and other artists such as Duke Basie, Buddy Rich and Charlie Barnet. Other influential names in his lifetime included Big Sid Catlett, Philly Joe Jonas, Tony Williams, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Clarke who had encouraged him to study music.[10] Taylor also reveals in a 1994 voice recording interview by The National Public Radio (NPR) that he first studied drums in Paris with Kenny Clarke. He explained that he was self-trained, but felt encouraged by Clarke to continue studying music. He states “Kenny always tried to encourage me… He said you’re gonna be better, you're gonna be better…”.[11] While Kenny Clarke is regarded as one of the larger influences from his time in France, Taylor noted that Art Blakey and Max Roach were his most important influences on his personal style of jazz. He expresses his admiration for the technique and control of Max’s playing, the finesse of Philly Joe and the Power of Blakey. “I took something from all those people. I know I have, because when I hear a drummer play something I like, I learn to play. After playing it for a long time, it isn’t like something you stole from somebody else. It becomes almost your own, because you sure can't play it like anybody else did…” .[10] His rhythmic conception is also influenced by Bud Powel’s piano rhythms, which he incorporates into his drum playing. Their collaboration can be heard also in Powell’s live recording Birdland 1953: The Complete Trio Recording.[12] Songs including “Moose the Mooche”, “Cheryl”, “Budo”, and “Poco Loco” featuring Taylor as the drummer (cite). He can also be heard in John Coltrane’s album “Giant Step” and Mile Davis’s “Miles Ahead”, expanding his horizon as a collaborative artist.[13]

Teaching Philosophy

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Taylor mentions a few students he took under his wing, from places such as Germany, Australia, and Japan and would come into the United States once a year and take multiple lessons.[14] Taylor emphasized the importance of playing the bass drum on every beat of the song to become a better drummer and build a foundation for other musicians to play on.

Death

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He died aged 65 in Beth Israel Hospital, Manhattan, in 1995.[2] In 1995 Taylor’s last recording session was also with Jimmy Smith on the album “Damn!” which was dedicated in his memory.[15]

Legacy

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Art Taylor was known to be one of the greatest drummers of the 1950s but has been hidden behind the big names he played alongside with and recorded an astonishing 323 sessions. His incredible skills and talent was not the only notable aspect, but his team player characteristics made him well integrated into the jazz community. His band member, John Coltrane described how he hired Taylor to record with him because his playing “doesn’t interfere with his”.[10] Whether playing with Johnny Griffin, Jackie McLean, Dexter Gordon or Coleman Hawkins, he pays careful attention to the individual’s sound and tone. When practicing to perform, he shares that he is a “slow learner” compared to other drummers, but has “kept learning”.[10] Once learning a section, or arrangement he never forgets it, helping his members play their sections when needed.  Taylor’s ability to adapt and play “with” the musician's playing style, rather than “at” them has made him a versatile musician on his own.[10]

Discography

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As leader

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As sideman

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With Pepper Adams, et al.

With Gene Ammons

With Chris Anderson

With Dorothy Ashby

With Benny Bailey

With Kenny Burrell

With Donald Byrd

With Paul Chambers

With Sonny Clark

With James Clay

With Jimmy Cleveland

With Arnett Cobb

With John Coltrane

With Continuum

With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis

With Miles Davis

With Walter Davis Jr.

With Kenny Dorham

With Art Farmer

With Tommy Flanagan

With Red Garland

With Matthew Gee

With Benny Golson

With Dexter Gordon

With Bennie Green

With Johnny Griffin

With Tiny Grimes

With Steve Grossman

With Gigi Gryce

With Hampton Hawes

With Ernie Henry

With Elmo Hope and Frank Foster

With Noah Howard

With Milt Jackson

With Thad Jones

With Clifford Jordan

With Duke Jordan

With Ken McIntyre

With Jackie McLean

With Thelonious Monk

With Lee Morgan

With Oliver Nelson

With Cecil Payne

With Bud Powell

With Julian Priester

With Dizzy Reece

With Charlie Rouse

With Sahib Shihab

With Horace Silver

With Jimmy Smith

With Johnny "Hammond" Smith

With Louis Smith

With Sonny Stitt

With Idrees Sulieman, Webster Young, John Coltrane, and Bobby Jaspar

With Buddy Tate

With Clark Terry

With Toots Thielmans

With Stanley Turrentine

With Mal Waldron

With Julius Watkins and Charlie Rouse

With Randy Weston

With Lem Winchester

With Kai Winding & J. J. Johnson

With Frank Wright

Bibliography

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  • Taylor, Art (1993). Notes and Tones: Musician-to-Musician Interviews. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 030680526X. OCLC 28214069. Retrieved June 30, 2023.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Colin Larkin, ed. (2002). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music (Third ed.). Virgin Books. p. 434. ISBN 1-85227-937-0.
  2. ^ a b Watrous, Peter (February 7, 1995), "Art Taylor, 65, Jazz Drummer Who Inspired Young Musicians", The New York Times.
  3. ^ "Art Taylor: Two Hours at the Village Vanguard". JazzWax. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  4. ^ "Bud Powell Discography". jazzdisco.org. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  5. ^ Feather, Leonard & Gitler, Ira (2007), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz, p. 637. Oxford University Press.
  6. ^ "Eric in The Evening; Art Taylor". Openvault.wgbh.org. 1994. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Taylor's Wailers - Art Taylor | Album | AllMusic, retrieved December 14, 2024
  8. ^ "Taylor's Wailers". Jazz Messengers (in European Spanish). Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. xxviii.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Arthur Taylor Jazz Elder Statesman. Modern Drummer. May 1994. ISBN 7148601203. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ^ Grant, Jackson (March 29, 2013). "Shirley Scott On Piano Jazz". npr music.
  12. ^ Birdland 1953: The Complete Trio Recordings - ... | AllMusic, retrieved December 14, 2024
  13. ^ "Art Taylor | Gretsch Drums". www.gretschdrums.com. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  14. ^ Arthur Taylor Jazz Elder Statesman. Modern Drummer. May 1994. ISBN 7148601203. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ Jazz, All About (July 10, 2023). "Art Taylor Musician - All About Jazz". All About Jazz Musicians. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  16. ^ "Mad About Tadd - Continium | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
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